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AO Postit Notes

I am pretty sure by now, y'all know equinus has at least something to do with non-traumatic foot and ankle pathology. In fact, it has just about everything to do with your hurting foot. Below is a list of what equinus causes and then makes worse if not addressed. Unfortunately, it goes unaddressed about 97% of the time, and that makes me angry. Sure, about now you are saying that you don't have equinus because you are not aware that your calf is tight. That's the big disconnect: equinus is subtle, and no one is aware they have it, even when it causes problems like those listed below. The damage is slow and incremental, and one day, poof, you have pain and loss of quality of life. Not convinced yet that something invisible, undetectable, can cause something bad? The best analogy I can provide is one I told many a patient. If the front-end alignment of your car gets slightly out of whack, it will be unnoticeable as you drive- you won't know it. Mile after mile, the tires are being worn down prematurely. Then one day, poof, you notice that your nearly new front left tire is much more worn than the other three. If you are not aware of the root cause (the front end is out of alignment), then you will replace the tire and go about your merry way. Oops. However, if you know the wear is caused by a misaligned front end, you will replace the tire, fix the alignment, and address the underlying cause. Sometimes it is a huge advantage to just know why something is occurring and bypass all the cogitation, testing, and whatever else nonsense goes on, trying to solve the problem. Here is the takeaway. Don't ignore your alignment! Equinus Causes General start up pain and stiffness Foot pain especially associated with start up pain or stiffness Plantar fasciitis Sever's disease Shin splints Posterior Tibialis Tendon Rupture(PTTR)-Acquired flatfoot deformity Second MTP synovitis/plantar plate rupture which leads to hammer toe Morton's neuroma Insertional Achilles tendinosis/Haglund’s deformity Achilles tendinitis Recurrent musculotendinous Achilles ruptures Calf cramps at night/Charley horse Midfoot osteoarthritis Ankle arthritis/Anterior ankle spurs (prevention) Navicular stress fracture Calcaneal stress fracture Jones/Fifth MT stress fx Diabetic Charcot arthropathy Diabetic malperforans ulcer formation Restless leg syndrome Prevention only (3) Metatarsal stress fractures (prevention) Achilles tendon ruptures (prevention) Hammer toe formation secondary to MTP synovitis (prevention) In time, I will explain in my newsletter how each of these wildly varied problems can be traced to the same root cause: equinus.
Don't ignore your alignment!

I am pretty sure by now, y'all know equinus has at least something to do with non-traumatic foot and ankle pathology. In fact, it has just about everything to do with your hurting foot. Below is a list of what equinus causes and then makes worse if not addressed. Unfortunately, it goes unaddressed about 97% of the time, and that makes me angry. Sure, about now you are saying that you don't have equinus because you are not aware that your calf is tight. That's the big disconnect : equinus is...

My reply to Finn about treating plantar fibromas, also known as plantar fibromatosis, is basically a blog post, so here it is. Finn on March 7, 2018, at 12:08 pm Comment on your comment on Missrunner’s question from 2013 ( Yes, very late). Could plantar fibroma be the same as what was described? If yes, how would that be treated? aoeditor on March 11, 2018, at 4:43 pm Hi Finn, It is never too late, my man—great question to bring up a good subject for all the peeps out there in the AO nation. However, now you've gone and really made me mad. Besting the AO is not allowed, but you got me fair and square. I just read Missrunner's question, and you have a great point, and I think you are right- she is describing a plantar fibroma. So, let’s talk about plantar fibromas or plantar fibromatosis (PFb). First, don’t take my word for it. If you possibly have one, go to a podiatrist or orthopaedic foot and ankle specialist and have it looked at. Here are the basics of plantar fibromatosis: Plantar fasciitis and PFb have nothing to do with each other. Nothing. PFb is benign. If you want to really stir a hornet’s nest and spend lots of money, go ahead and have someone biopsy it. PFb is diagnosed 100% of the time by a bit of history and simple exam. Period. MRIs have no place here. The last patient I saw who came with an MRI in hand was scheduled for surgery within a week because there was a question as to the possibility of malignancy. This person was a level 4 plus tennis player at 55 years old who did not want the interruption imposed by surgery. Especially when they found out from me that it was not needed. I talked them through it, and 8 years later, they still play tennis at a high level and have a painless lump along the medial border of the plantar fascia slightly larger than when I saw them the first time. By the way, malignant tumors are rare in the foot. Really. PFbs are on the medial border of the plantar fascia (see image below of fairly large PFb) and can be single or multiple in a sort of chain. They are typically painless unless someone sticks an orthotic, especially a rigid one, in the shoe or the person keeps messing with it to physically irritate it. I can say if one presses on any part of the body long enough and enough times it gets pissed off just like me. I don’t care where or what it is. They can have a very loose association with Type II diabetes. I said very loose, so forget it. They typically grow to a certain point and stop. Who knows why? Just be glad they do. I have seen a couple out of 500 plus over the years get larger than 4 cm, and most remain smaller. The best treatment is to (after being seen and you know it is a PFb) IGNORE it. Even if it is mildly painful. If the pain from contact/irritation is significant, then here is what can be done short of surgery. To be honest and to be a bummer, if you are having enough pain to seek help and even consider surgery, these mitigations don’t really work too well. Reduce any arch in your shoes, and take orthotics out. Actually, that is good advice for everyone. Orthotics aren’t all that, but they are a great money maker. Soft true custom orthotics with strategic relief areas to match the PFb bumps can help, but they are not too predictable No cortisone injections, but Xiaflex may have some promise. I have no opinion or experience with Xiaflex type injections. If the pain and really any quality of life issues get to be too much, then surgical resection is the last resort. My personal stats are about 12 done out of >500 PFb seen, just to give you some perspective. Know that there are three fairly commonly known and too often encountered surgical complications: (This is why a good surgeon might actively steer you away from harm’s way)      –Recurrence. The PFb can return/regrow in 25-33% of cases. Just to brag a bit, mine was far less (see margins below).      –Neuroma formation. Nerve injury that can lead to painful amputation (of the nerve, not the foot) neuromas of the intertwined or adjacent sensory nerves. Ouch!      –Wound dehiscence. The incision, by definition, creates a closed “pocket” that can fill with blood (hematoma and ultimately a seroma) just after surgery or not seal or takes time to bond together. This pocket produces a space or a barrier between the walls of the internal surgical site. The walls are not juxtaposed and thus can't heal. Think of applying glue to two boards to be joined that never touch each other- no dice. Then, if you walk on, it slips and slides and opens up or is a dehiscence. I had only two, and both times, the patients walked against my advice. My patients were asked to be non-weight bearing for 3 weeks, and I would advise this for any of you as well. It is a hassle, but not as much as the hassle as the extra time to wait for a wide-open wound dehiscence to heal. The good news is that the dehisced wounds heal just fine, however, it is a big detour. If you have this surgery: Make sure the surgeon is skilled and has done at least a few The resection must be fairly radical with what we call wide margins, or recurrence will be more likely if only the main mass is excised. The microscopic satellite lesions nearby get missed, and they love to grow back Watch weight bearing post op as noted above. I say be extra safe here, why not? As Forest Gump said, “And that’s all I have to say about that.” Wait, one more thing. Plantar fibromas do not respond to calf stretching. Stay healthy, my friends, AO
The Truth About Plantar Fibromatosis (Fibroma) Surgery: Is It Really Necessary?

My reply to Finn about treating plantar fibromas, also known as plantar fibromatosis, is basically a blog post, so here it is. Finn on...

I have a few comments on AO comments...whatever?!?!?? We just worked feverishly to move the website to a new (new to us) web design tool, yay. You might not notice any difference in the look, but the comments imported in from the old website are sort of funky. The comments at end of each post from the previous host site could not be transferred correctly. Here's what you need to know: Same as before, the comments and my reply answers/comments are a great source of information.  Your comments are always spot on and a source of inspiration to me. Many of my replies are essentially blog post in and of themselves. So, here is what we had to do. All the old comments from the previous host are transferred into the new comments section of each blog as a single comment along with my replies. This whole work around made me angry, but hey, it was the best we could do. I am adamant that this important information not be lost. New comments and my replies on the new site will work just like normal- you comment, I reply, usually. As a weird side note there was a period of time of several months around 2020-2021 where I received many great comments and questions, but for some reason the email alerts were not being sent to me. Dumb me just thought y'all had forgotten about me. There were about 180 comments that never got answered because the and I apologize for that these never got posted or had a reply. . Guess what, that also made me angry and I apologize it happened. Going forward I will be answering comments in a timely fashion, at least that's the plan. Finally, please contact me at ao@angryorthopod.com if there is a foot and ankle related subject matter you would like me to blog on. Keep moving, my friends, AO
"Comments" on the AngryOrthopod

I have a few comments on AO comments...whatever?!?!?? We just worked feverishly to move the website to a new (new to us) web design tool,...

A recent AO comment got me thinking, and that is always a dangerous thing. (Found in comments section Calf Stretching: Its the AO Way or the Highway, Kapil, 2022/03/10 at 9:30 pm) Kapil writes, "Hello AO, I started running/skipping lately and I overdid it which caused plantar fasciitis to both my feet and my feet soles hurt when I stand Or walk…please suggest what should I do? Also can I keep doing my workouts – jogging, skipping, weight training? Thank you. Sorry don’t be angry at me."  The grey text block below is most of my response. In summary, the comment/question was about "overdoing it" as the cause of their recent onset of plantar fasciitis. I know what you are thinking, "Really? There is no way one thing can cause multiple problems." To make a point, how about tobacco smoking? It causes lung cancer, right? Correct, and that is what most people associate with smoking. However, it also causes emphysema, coronary artery disease that leads to heart attacks, cerebrovascular disease leading to stroke, peripheral vascular disease that can result in leg pain and worse, amputation, esophageal cancer, Burger's disease, and a few more. Oh, and I forgot, bad breath. Yo Kapil, I am all fired up. You are in real trouble now. First, contrary to most of the morons out there recommending rest to basically everyone (this actually does make me mad!), you can continue working out on any level you want. Here are the general rules on that. If continued workouts create an escalation in your pain over time then back off to where the pain is steady. Acceptable is a scenario where your pain is improving (with calf stretching) or a steady daily cycle of get worse with activity and followed by recovery, but not gradually worsening over time. A great reference analogy would be the movie “Groundhog Day”. In other words, it is OK to play with pain that is within reason. How did you miss calf stretching? This is what you do, period! OK, I am now calm….. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Here is the list of the 20 foot and ankle non-traumatic acquired foot and ankle pathologies that equinus causes or contributes to in a major way, but I would say CAUSES:  General start up pain and stiffness, foot and ankle (this in not old age folks) Plantar fasciitis Sever's disease Shin splints Posterior Tibialis Tendon Rupture(PTTR)-Acquired flatfoot deformity Second MTP synovitis/plantar plate rupture which leads to hammer toe Morton's neuroma Insertional Achilles tendinosis/Haglund’s deformity Achilles tendinitis/tendinosis Recurrent musculotendinous Achilles ruptures, medial head of gastrocnemius Calf cramps at night/Charley horse Midfoot osteoarthritis/midfoot collapse Ankle arthritis/Anterior ankle spurs Navicular stress fracture Calcaneal stress fracture Jones/Fifth MT stress fracture Diabetic Charcot arthropathy Diabetic malperforans ulcer formation Metatarsal stress fractures (stretch for prevention and after healed) Achilles tendon ruptures (traumatic, stretch for prevention and after healed)  So, the take away folks is if you have any one of these non-traumatic acquired foot and ankle pathologies you should consider calf stretching and keep stretching. Just sayin'. Keep moving, my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
This is why you should pay attention to equinus

A recent AO comment got me thinking, and that is always a dangerous thing. (Found in comments section Calf Stretching: Its the AO Way or the Highway , Kapil, 2022/03/10 at 9:30 pm) Kapil writes, " Hello AO, I started running/skipping lately and I overdid it which caused plantar fasciitis to both my feet and my feet soles hurt when I stand Or walk…please suggest what should I do? Also can I keep doing my workouts – jogging, skipping, weight training? Thank you. Sorry don’t be angry at me." ...

Some questions and answers just beg to reach out! "Hello, I’ve been struggling with [plantar fasciitis] in both feet for at least 6 years, have done foot and calf massages, cortisone, tennis balls, laser, tens unit and have a Chiro running a vibrating ball over the bottom of my feet right now. I’m so tired of not being able to walk long walks. So I’ve also found a website King brand BFST that swears they have a cold compress item to take the swelling down and then they have a hot wrap to apply heat to the PF. They have all good reviews and relief from people that have tried this. They don’t recommend stretching. In fact, they have posted 10 PF “myths”. I’m so confused. What do you think of the cold/hot method?....Thank you for your advice..." And here is my response.... Hi Pearl (name changed to protect the innocent), You are a poster child for the plantar fasciitis herd mentality. If you have not read on my site at all, please do. The total message for this the problem is that it is not your foot, it is your calf.

The reason you have had plantar fasciitis for 6 years is that you have never treated it. Really!
 You are confused because of the strong incorrect/false message all these mostly clueless medicals and non-medicals are feeding us. Just think for a second about cause and effect. The root cause is often not obvious or what you think. In your case, as in the great majority of those out there suffering, looking beyond the obvious heel pain location in your foot is basically impossible.  And I get that, but that is what guys like me are here for: to steer you in the right direction. Tell you the truth. Just look at the star Mets outfielder Yoenis Cespedes.

Even the pros have it wrong. This guy has been plagued with foot issues for a long time, and I can guarantee you they are related to one thing: equinus or calves too tight. And they have not focused on addressing the calf one bit. Now they are talking about a very unnecessary, in my opinion of course, potential surgery. You say they have the best medical care available being professional athletes, right? Wrong. The athletic trainers and the team doctors basically across the board do not have a clue about equinus and the incremental damage it can cause. 
 It is getting harder for me to believe how so many people can be so vehemently far off track. The scientific evidence of the calf being the source of the problem and that calf stretching almost always works is there for all to see. Here is my suggestion. Do something different, something that seems so counter-intuitive and stretch your calves. Look away from the obvious, your heel, and treat the problem, your calf. There is a 95% chance you will be done, but be patient. "Undoing" tight calves will take time because they took years to get that way. Break from the herd, Pearl! I get comments all the time from folks how calf stretching has changed their world...but these comments are hidden in the blog comments section, where few will benefit from seeing. Get out there on social media and spread the word about stretching and where you heard it!  Stay healthy my friends, AO  


	                      Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Do Something Different. Do Something That Works.

Some questions and answers just beg to reach out! "Hello, I’ve been struggling with [plantar fasciitis] in both feet for at least 6...

First, to my request before you stop reading. If you like or feel there is value in the content on the Angry Orthopod please spread the word on social media or any way you feel you can. This is particularly true when you have personally benefited as a result. This is a groundswell process and thus requires your support. Thank you, no, really, thank you.. "...please spread the word on social media or any way you feel you can" my desire to help you all here has only strengthened  Recently I read a transformative book that confirmed my long-held conscious realization that elective and even some trauma surgery wasn’t all that. Professor (Dr.) Ian Harris, the author of Surgery, The Ultimate Placebo: A Surgeon Cuts through the Evidence, is a seasoned Australian orthopaedic surgeon, traumatologist and serial researcher. Amazon sums it up perfectly, "For many complaints and conditions, the benefits from surgery are lower, and the risks higher, than you or your surgeon think.” Dr. Harris focuses more on the ineffectiveness of many common mainstream surgeries accurately covering the evidence that they are all too often no better than doing nothing and can clearly cause harm. I would vehemently add that there are many curative non-operative treatments out there that are either unknown by your doc or are suppressed.

When it comes to the risks and surgical complications, we surgeons have a saying you need to know: “The risk of complications for <insert your surgery here> is about 1%, until it happens to you, then it is 100%.” And every surgery brings the risk of harm into play. Period. Harris covers this point to perfection.

Don’t get me wrong, surgery definitely has its place and can be life-changing, but only after an informed, careful consideration and a collaborative decision process between surgeon and patient. You are in control and you have the right and power, and you should make these critical decisions for yourself. I highly recommend this book whether surgery is a consideration or not.
 surgery...a collaborative decision process between surgeon and patient
 My last request. I welcome your requests for blogs on subjects that might be of interest to you and others. Please keep focused on basically foot and ankle issues. I will be selective on which are chosen especially if there are numerous requests.

Finally, I am in the process of answering many of your regretfully neglected comments/questions you all have posted over the past 18 months. Even if your problem has resolved or the question is “off the table” for you, I will still answer because the questions are excellent and the answers are even better, if I don't mind saying so (and I don't mind), for all to see.

Keep moving, my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
The Sabbatical Is Over: the AO is Back With a Request or Two Of My Own

First, to my request before you stop reading. If you like or feel there is value in the content on the Angry Orthopod please spread the...

Comment by Laura: I have been to several orthopaedic surgeons and they only recommend surgery. They never mention stretches, physical therapy, pain medication, lifestyle changes, etc. It’s very frustrating. Surgery is scary and the recovery is long. This is why people are searching for alternatives. Hi Laura, Your question/comment is outstanding. Unfortunately your story is all too true and common. To be honest, most of my colleagues do want to help you in the best way they know how. However, the non-surgical methods that they are aware of, the same ones they have been taught and tried in the past, fail too often. Why do these non-operative treatments fail, you ask? To be blunt, they treat the wrong thing—the obvious "problem" in the foot (plantar fasciitis, midfoot arthritis, second MTP synovitis, etc.). After all, you just showed them where the problem is that needs to be fixed and they can touch it and reproduce it. The source of your complaint is so obvious, it is right there in your foot. Any fool can diagnose and treat your problem. Certainly, it would be nice if you went in and said, "My foot hurts, but the pain in my foot is really coming from my asymptomatic calf that is too tight. So doc, what treatments do you have to fix my calf so that my foot or ankle pain will go away?” Do my colleagues ascribe to a thing as simple as calf stretching? For the majority, the answer is NO! Sure, they tell you to stretch, but their advice in this regard is anemic and unenthused. The words and body language to tantamount to, "Go ahead and try some stretching, but it won't work." Even if they believed or knew the calf was the problem stretching the calves would be too simple and would take too long to treat, and both you and the surgeon want this resolved now. Almost everyone, and I mean everyone, thinks that calf stretching does not work even though the evidence says otherwise. So here you have a SURGEON who finds that these non-operative treatments fail (how convenient)…well the next step is obvious. We pull the old scorpion on the frog in the river thing and do what is in our nature, we cut.  Stick with me here because I am coming to a point. Orthopaedic surgeons and podiatrists are generally good diagnosticians. Then they get an MRI, don't get me started. Here is the problem, and here is the treatment. Simple, right? Any deeper thought is not usually necessary because the problem is so obvious, especially if they get an MRI. That's where you pointed for gods sake. So, the thought that the calf is what is boogering up your foot and ankle is just not on the radar or comprehensible to most of us. But we should be better than that. The idea that your symptoms might not be coming from where you are pointing and originating from a remote location is generally speaking above our pay grade. Having stated that, it is most definitely our duty to connect the dots between cause and effect. We call it clinical correlation and unfortunately it is becoming a lost art. Then and only then can we have any chance of effectively treating the problem effectively. To further make my point I was going to use a medical illustration here like constipation, but I opted for golf. Both can stink BTW. A reasonably decent intermediate golfer with a pretty good swing has started to slice the ball and of course, tries to fix it themselves along with all their golfing buddies handing out their unsolicited help. They finally go to a pro for real help presenting their own theories as to the cause. The pro smiles and says, "Hit a few 7 irons for me,” knowing there are only so many causes of a slice. The golfer thinks it is very complicated and there are infinite reasons because a slice can be so hard to eradicate. The pro suggests some seemingly minor, totally unrelated change, like the stance and voilà, problem fixed. No changes in the swing what so ever. The cause of a problem is not always what it appears. Think outside the box! This is where I get angry. Here is the problem Laura, my colleagues are mostly closed minded to this concept so I have to reach out here to everyday people like you, to the AO-nation. Using plantar fasciitis as an example, just look at the number of treatments for this problem. There is an old line in medicine, "When there are many treatments for the same problem, none are really working well". Most often presented with a clinical dilemma we know the underlying cause of the problem, but in some cases it is just difficult to treat or we have not found the right answer yet. Here it comes, wait for it…….. What if the treatments are not working because they are not directed at the cause, but at the end result, the effect, the location where you are pointing? What if the cause is unknown or not accepted? What if most everyone is missing the point completely? In this case we are doomed to endless searching and making the same mistake over and over. What if the simple concept of equinus or calves that are too tight causing the majority of foot and ankle problems was actually correct? What a revelation that would be for so many of us! Too many of my colleagues fail to make this connection, but some do get it. Here’s a video that makes me think: maybe I’m not all alone.   

Original link: Plantar Fasciitis: looking in all the wrong places. 
Keep moving, my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
What If?

Comment by Laura: I have been to several orthopaedic surgeons and they only recommend surgery. They never mention stretches, physical...

I know I consistently promote calf stretching to you all, like here, and here, and even here, but thanks to many of your questions, I realized I have never told you exactly how to do it right: my way, of course.. True, it is a simple concept itself, but it’s not just “any old” calf stretching. I am not talking about calf stretching before you run. I am not talking about calf stretching after you use the weights at the gym (or however you choose to exercise). What I am talking about is calf stretching that is done right - everyday - and that is separate from exercise, especially before. What you see described here is what is proven to be, over time, effective in changing the muscle-tendon units so that our muscles will eventually (patience, people!) return to their optimal (or “normal”) length. Yes, as you age many of your muscles get tighter, especially your calves. You know this because you just get stiffer, but it does not have to be that way. So you say, “AO, of course I want results. So tell me how!” 
…and that is what I have heard more and more lately. And, it is a fair request, which is why I’m sharing that now.
 The Skinny on Stretching: The Stuff That Really Counts Stretching the right way. It’s like something we tell our kids: “There’s no point in doing it if you aren’t going to do it right.” You can stretch off a step in order to get the kind of calf stretch you are really after - which is an isolated and passive static stretch of the calf. The best kind that can be done without the help of another person! So, what is the biggest, or the most common error I see in stretching? Not doing it even with the best of intentions. That my friends is far and away the number one cause of stretching failure. Not doing what we know we should be doing for ourselves seems to be basic human nature, including me! Let'd say you are an engineer, an accountant, or other type of rule follower and you are actually doing it. What might impede your stretching progress? To start, take a look at where you are making contact with your foot. The foot should contact the step against the arch of your foot, not the ball. Believe it or not, the best stretch is obtained this way even though it seems like this would not create as much leverage as out on the ball of your foot. Trust me, I'm right. In the past, people have found success with an aerobics step, which works well since it is about 8 inches tall or so. It also has a rounded, kind edge. Do a quick Google search if you need to see one. If you perform the stretching on stairs, as many do, use the bottom stair and hold onto the railing for support. Athletic shoes getting traction and providing a cushion on the edge of the step seem to work best. Then slowly relax your ankles, and let your heels go downward. Learning this might take more effort and a little more time than you might think to get it just right. Learn to let go. Remember the contact point on the step is your arch, not the balls of your feet. This point can not be over emphasized. Now you should be feeling a pulling (or a tightness) in your upper calf muscle – which is what we want. You should be feeling this stretch high in your calf, just below your knee.  Here’s what else to consider. Length of time you do it…Every. Day. Through years of tinkering and observation, I have determined that 9 minutes a day is the right number. It’s best to do it 3 minutes, 3 times per day. You should cluster your stretching like sets. In other words, do a 3 minute stretch, go away for a few minutes (brush your teeth, etc.), then do your next 3 minute stretch, go away for a bit, and then complete your final, 3 minutes, and you are done for the day. It’s easy, it’s done and you are on to the next thing. Less does not seem to work for people, and more is no better and is thus a waste of time. Nine minutes! One alternate timing is possibly all 9 minutes at once or 4 1/2 minutes twice. My wife does all 9 minutes once. However, less that 3 minutes on each stretch session is not adequate except starting out when you might need time to work up to 3 minutes. How many weeks, or months should you stretch everyday? How long should you keep this up? 
Are you going to stop after just a week or two? Again, by overall time span, what I mean is how many weeks or months are spent doing your stretching, each and every day? One of the biggest mistakes I see is that people either want an overnight change, or they just “give up”. Noncompliance! The one “downside” of calf stretching? It takes time. I’ll tell you again: you have to be consistent. Fortunately, but maybe not in your particular case, the problems we are solving are manageable, until the stretching finally does its job. Good things most often do not came fast. Be patient. This will work, just be consistent and do it everyday if at all possible. Moderate your stretching intensity to feel it high in your calf. Go easy for a week or so and break in slow. Download this Guide to see the rest of this program, and share it with your friends and family…Unless you want them to be in pain? (Actually, for prevention purposes, this particular stretch would be good for everyone to do, with or without pain or foot problems.) You can call it the AO way, no kidding! I mean it!
 “So If We Do the Stretching The Right Way…When Do We Start to Get Relief?” I see people take 2 weeks, to as much as 6 months for their calf stretching to “undo” the powerful, damaging effects that the isolated gastrocnemius contracture has exerted on their foot and ankle. Give it time and the results are most often stunning! Where will you fall on the spectrum of 2 weeks to 6 months - that is, the time frame needed to resolve your tight calves? That’s one of many things I don’t know for sure! But, one thing I do know, if you don’t stretch you will never know now will you? WARNING: As you start stretching you may experience pain in a different location or a slight increase in your pain. For instance, if you had plantar fasciitis in the past that is now resolved and you are calf stretching for second MTP synovitis you may experience a return of your plantar fasciitis. Instead of scaring you off, this experience should excite you. It means you are working on the root cause, and something positive is happening. And it should also convince you all this is connected and you are on your way to resolution the right way.
 Stay healthy my friends,
AO
 Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. RJ on January 18, 2019 at 7:49 pm (Edit) And I currently have no stairs….alternate plan? Reply Lisa on April 1, 2019 at 7:07 am (Edit) As suggested by the Dr./writer, a Reebok step may help or finding a ledge, stump or stable rise where you can get a full stretch. Reply Cher Hampton on March 21, 2019 at 7:00 pm (Edit) O m’gosh THANK YOU so much for this info!! I had surgery onmy right foot for plantar fasciitis with no complaints- but about a year ago I started to develop it my left foot- ugh – it was beginning to get so bad I was fantasizing about how good it would feel to have a cortisone shot- like literally envisioning the needle going into my heel and then feeling the blessed relief! LOL – I was considering getting THE sock or a surgical boot when I came across your article- I thought what can it hurt? I had never heard of this kind of calf stretch- WOWSERS what a difference it has made in a few weeks! I started to notice in just a few days! A huge answer to prayer!! Not to mention saving me $$$!! Thank you so so much!!! Reply aoeditor on July 13, 2019 at 6:01 pm (Edit) Bingo Cher, It is never too late is it? This is an all too often scenario. I am glad for you you found me. The stretching is so simple and easy, and as you pointed out, FREE. Why calf stretching does not catch on as the definitive treatment is beyond me. I will keep trying. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Lisa on April 1, 2019 at 7:04 am (Edit) Thank you for taking the time to invest in us MN folks. At 49 years old, an avid runner, lifter and CrossFitter, I have recently been plagued with I believe is MN (I am visiting a podiatrist Thurs). Unfortunately, I suspect my MN is not the result of overuse but a significant change in shoe wear and it’s worrisome. For the past 48 years I have worn running shoes because of my sport and career as an athletic coach. I returned to college a few years ago for a second degree (mistake #1) and it drastically cut my training (which wasn’t a bad thing for my body) but then began an internship that required “business casual” dress. For the past 9 months I have been wearing flat pointy shoes (mistake #2) with no foot pain or discomfort.One night before bed, walking barefoot on my tile (which I also have done for 49 years) I pivoted on the ball of my foot and bam!!!!! I actually thought something stung my foot pad between the 3rd and 5th toe. I looked and didn’t see a stinger. I was confused, stood back up and bam!!!!!! Again, a sharp searing pain. I blew it off to possibly stepping wrong and was certain it would be better in a few days. I was wrong… 2 weeks later and one chiropractic visit, I can not walk bare foot, can’t wear anything besides sneakers or flip flops. The ball of my foot pad feels swollen and there is a dull numbing in my 3rd – 5th toe. When I wear my running shoes, I rarely feel this sharp pain (though haven’t run further than a mile) but with walking, the sharp pain shows up randomly. I do find total relief when I do absolutely nothing (which, as you and your readers very well know will result in other unwanted maladies.) My fear is this will continue to significantly curtail my active life, hence the quality of my life. Ugh!I have scoured the Internet and scholarly articles for conservative treatments, which are slim. Thankfully I stumbled onto your blog with education and reader feedback which it is providing me hope about this condition. (*question below on it being a condition) I have all intentions of starting your routine calf stretch today in a quest for healing and relief. *Is this an inflammatory issue, a condition that won’t heal or an injury? I wish it was an injury that would heal over time, or an inflammatory issue that could heal with nutrition and time but I “feel” like it is a condition that changes the mechanical structure of the body, resulting in this pain. Thank you for reading and possibly responding. 🙂 You are appreciated. Reply aoeditor on June 6, 2019 at 10:46 am (Edit) Hi Lisa, Congratulations for degree #2. To your problem, which is a bit odd and an uncharacteristic quick, no, lightening quick onset. However, with what you have presented here a Morton’s neuroma is the leading contender as long as there is no actual swelling, just the sensations of it as you describe. If you have a Morton’s neuroma the odds are high to will resolve completely with the stretching. Even if it ultimately required surgery the majority return to full activities. So, back to the inflammation. I will refer you and others to maybe my two most important blog posts, The Bad Rap on Inflammation, Part 1 and Part 2. Very similar to Kill Bill Part 1 and Part 2. The takeaway, that one many of my colleagues can’t seem to get a handle on, is that the inflammation in most cases did not just magically appear like the Leprechaun. When it comes to orthopaedic inflammatory issues, basically the great majority of inflamed things, rotator cuff, plantar fasciitis, IT band friction syndrome, and the list goes on, are there for one reason- “overuse of imbalance”. For instance, plantar fasciitis is a result of equinus. The dominos fall in a predictable way: reduced activities (your case), higher heels??> equinus> increased plantar fascial tension> micro tears at the attachment of the PF to the calcaneus> attempts at repair called inflammation which becomes chronic. The problem is that the vicious cycle can’t be broken until the equinus domino stops falling. When that happens life is good and the chronic inflammation is allowed to naturally do what it intended to do from the get-go, repair the issue and go away. So, YES, you will likely “heal”. This whole inflammatory issue really does make me mad because while it is a ridiculously simple concept, it seems to be systematically, and maybe intentionally, misunderstood. I feel thousands have unnecessary surgery everyday for problems they could resolve if only someone would tell them how dominos fall. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Lisa on June 6, 2019 at 1:20 pm (Edit) Your feedback is encouraging and enlightening! You are a podiatry rockstar AO. Thank you for the thought out reply.Lisa Reply AnthonyL on April 16, 2019 at 1:59 pm (Edit) Having verified that my right knee strain was reasonably recovered my physio suggested 20min brisk walk a day. I was then 70yrs old and no mention of shoes was made and I have now developed MN in my right foot (diagnosed by podiatrist) after nearly a year of me thinking it was simple metatarsalgia and would go away with rest. Podiatrist has supplied an insole with teardrop metatarsal dome on the underside. I’ve also bought top quality trainers which are wonderful. The MN is a discomfort more than a pain, often feel it more when I awake but I’m not sure the domes are necessarily a good thing so appreciate a comment on that. I’m yet to get into a good regime of calf stretching which is also my intention. (Hope this site is still operational) Reply Gloria on May 5, 2019 at 2:57 pm (Edit) Do you recommend wearing tennis shoes or barefoot during the stretches? Someone had recommended doing these stretches barefoot. Also, are there any other exercises or stretches you recommend? What is your opinion on Correct Toes toe separators? Thank you. Reply aoeditor on June 3, 2019 at 2:30 pm (Edit) Hi Gloria, You’ve done riled me girl. Shoes or not is really your choice and what works best for you (the same goes for toe separators). My estimated guess is that likely about 90% is done with shoes. There are a lot of different stretches that can be done and we should be stretching more in general. If this is plantar fasciitis then you could throw in plantar fascial stretches. But here is the deal, don’t take your eye off the ball, make sure those calves are stretched first. Stay healthy my friends, AO. Reply Charlene on June 11, 2019 at 10:49 am (Edit) Hi, I have had feet issues for 18 months. At first diagnosed as PF, then possibly neuroma or a nerve compression as the symptoms changed to more of the medial inside heel (radiating to under heel) from the whole underfoot and I couldn’t wear a closed shoe anymore as would experience numby/tingling/burning. Can only wear an open sandal.Finally had an MRI which showed “bone marrow edema, including the lateral proceses of the calcaneal tuberocity, potentially representing a bony contusion. (I did not fall or anything like that – I walked a lot, have always worn orthotics, I think my running shoes needed to replaced sooner when this happened. After the PF symptoms started, I did have to change my orthotics to have a much lower arch) Achilles tendinosis. Mild hindfoot valgus.I am wondering what these results actually mean? Is there treatment? and do they explain my symptoms ie. the not being able to wear a closed shoe (numbness/burning/tingling symptoms). Thank you very much. Reply Charlene on June 11, 2019 at 10:52 am (Edit) PS: to my question of June 11, 2019 at 10:49 am.Would platelet rich plasma injections help treat or stem cell?Thank you. Reply Charlene on June 11, 2019 at 11:32 am (Edit) PS: Couple more things in addition to my comments of June 11 at 10:49am.I have been using an ultrasound therapy machine at home for past 10 months. I did find this was helping originally, now I am not sure. Is this beneficial for my symptoms or my MRI results findings. Also, how long can a person use ultrasound therapy?I also find that I can just move or “stretch” my foot the wrong way and it causes the pain/symptoms to increase. Does this “symptom” sound like it it caused by the MRI findings?I am wondering if something is missing from the results?Thank you. Reply aoeditor on July 13, 2019 at 5:40 pm (Edit) Hi Charlene, First, please direct your attention away from the MRI findings and read on to see why. Hey Charlene, I does sound that you may well have a Morton’s Neuroma and of course plantar fasciitis. The MRI findings mean very little I am afraid. While the MRI is very useful, random unintended findings must be kept in check. These generic MRI findings of ‘bone marrow edema’ are routinely read, but most often find no place in the diagnosis, especially when there has been no trauma. That is likely all there is to your MRI findings. As afar as something missed, I cannot make comment. On the other hand, there is a common thread connecting your bone marrow edema to your other foot problems. This commonality is at the core of the prevailing theme of my work. The root cause of your foot problems is equinus, your calves are too tight. Calcaneal bone edema is quite common ‘incidental finding’ in cases caused by equinus, and that includes Morton’s neuroma and plantar fasciitis. I cannot over emphasize this concept as the singular theme binding the majority of non-traumatic acquired foot and ankle pathology. PRP and ultrasound may have a place, but they are not aimed at the root cause. You have not even mentioned calf tightness, but I hope this sets you on the right course. I would suggest you just start doing something you have not done, stretch your calves. If you don’t believe me then believe the other’s comments throughout this blog. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Karen T. on June 29, 2019 at 12:42 pm (Edit) My husband has been suffering from undiagnosed foot pain for two years. He describes his pain as walking on rocks. Nothing has relieved the pain. It hurts when he is standing, walking, sitting and sleeping. The pain will often radiate up his calves. Walking up hills or stairs seems to really set it off. Originally they thought the pain was caused from his back (which also hurts) and did find a fatty tumor located very near the sciatica. He has since had that removed. The surgery helped to alleviate the back pain (sometimes) but the feet and calves remain.He has twice had costly cortisone shots in his back which got rid of the pain for two or three days and then it returned. He has seen a podiatrist. He has very high arches (cavus?) and tried a shoe insert with no help. The only comfortable shoes he owns are flip flops and weirdly one pair of old driving moccasins. His diagnosis is basically idiopathic peripheral neuropathy. Ibuprofen and massage offer little relief. A hot tub will make the pain unbearable and it starts burning. After reading your blog I wondered if the root of the problem could simply be the tight calf muscles? I could not find an article that addressed this specific problem. Any thoughts? Reply aoeditor on July 14, 2019 at 11:45 am (Edit) Hi Karen, The short answer is YES, calf stretching can help. While I can’t know his problem for sure, I can say I have had good success for sure in similar sounding scenarios. I will also say just the few words here do not sound like peripheral neuropathy. So, stretch, seriously what have you got to lose. Accepting idiopathic peripheral neuropathy is a problem that is mostly unsolvable after all, which I am sure you have heard. So, as you ar doing look for something that can be solved. Here are two additional potential diagnoses often overlooked.1. Piriformis syndrome- Look online for a stretch like the figure of four for this.2. Emerging Type II diabetes- Not to scare you but Type II diabetes detection can be well under the radar for years while peripheral neuropathy can rage on. But as I said it does not sound like peripheral neuropathy. I would make sure he is checked with Hemoglobin A1c. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Karen T. on July 13, 2019 at 6:17 pm (Edit) PS To my earlier questions. My husband did try the stretches for a few days but the pain increased to the point he could barely walk. Perhaps he needs to ease into the stretching? Reply aoeditor on July 13, 2019 at 10:26 pm (Edit) Hey Karen, While unusual, I have certainly had a handful of my own patients as well as several on this blog have this issue. I would agree to stretch less intensely and ease into it. A great way to do this is just place more of your/his feet on the step to reduce the lever arm and thus the amount of stretch on the calf. Hope that helps. Stay healthy my friends, AO Jocelyn on September 24, 2019 at 1:46 pm (Edit) I have metatarsal pain (possibly synovitis according to doc, and less likely MN). I have been stretching my calves for about 2 years because they are chronically tight (years in youth as ballet dancer, lots of plantar flexion plus many standing jobs in early adulthood), but never have I tried that much time, maybe a couple of minutes a day. So 9 minutes is quite a jump, and I hope will have an effect. I have a couple of questions regarding the stair method. 1) I feel a better stretch if I do one leg at a time, so if I am proceeding this way, do I need to do 9 minutes each leg for 18 total, or 9 minutes total? 2) I have an adjustable slant board specifically for stretching calves, and I like this method better. I feel a better stretch this way. Will I get results using the slant board? Or is it better to use the stairs, which sadly, I find awkward, uncomfortable pressure on the arch, and not as good of a stretch? Also, I should say that I also have Hallux Rigidus and had a cheilectomy to remove bone spurring this February 2019. I had metatarsal pain before the surgery (probably 5 years or so), but it has gotten worse since surgery. I have faithfully performed a lot of physical therapy since the therapy. They said calf stretching was good, but it wasn’t a big part of the therapy. I am definitely going to try the calf stretching. I have been doing it, but like I said, not anywhere near that much per day. Recovery from surgery was/still is very difficult and I hope to prevent any in the future. Reply aoeditor on November 27, 2019 at 10:47 am (Edit) Hi Jocelyn, Apologies for the late response. First, 3 minutes 3 times per day is the magic number and the main reason calf stretching ever fails is that not enough is done for too little time. Now for your questions: 1) I feel a better stretch if I do one leg at a time, so if I am proceeding this way, do I need to do 9 minutes each leg for 18 total, or 9 minutes total? 9 minutes a day each leg. So, your choice, 9 minutes in all doing both at same time or one at a time for a total of 18 minutes. How much time do you have? I have found doing both is quite effective, but one at a time is fine also. 2) I have an adjustable slant board specifically for stretching calves, and I like this method better. I feel a better stretch this way. Will I get results using the slant board? Or is it better to use the stairs, which sadly, I find awkward, uncomfortable pressure on the arch, and not as good of a stretch? The slant board is fine. The stairs are not for everyone for sure. As long as you feel the stretch high in your calf you are good, sister. Be patient and you will get there if not already. It is now 2 months after this comment. How are things going? Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply AJB on January 16, 2020 at 2:05 pm (Edit) So I am a 63 year old male that developed Plantar Fasciitious. I bought special work out shoes, considered going to a podiatrist for help, inserts and blah, blah, and more blah…but i found this site and everything here made sense to me and what could it hurt to stretch my calves..its FREEEEE!!! Well i am into only a 30 second stretch at this time and i have to say my pain is greatly reduced…i mean GREATLY reduced and if this is what it takes to keep the pain at bay then i am all in…for the rest of my life all in…i will update you when i can get to 3 minute stretches which by the way i initially tried but couldnt even get to 1 minute b4 the stretch pain became to much. Reply aoeditor on January 19, 2020 at 2:06 pm (Edit) Hi Andrew, YOU GET IT! As I can tell you got the right stuff, you will be patient. Take your time building the time up to 3 minutes. The part that makes me angry at others is your statement, “what could it hurt to stretch my calves”. As I have said so many times, try all the other things (that won’t work, but we are told and think they will), but why not stretch at the same time. It is as if people will only do one thing at a time and stretching is rarely on the list and if it is it acmes last. Finally, it is FREEEEE!!! I look forward to hearing from you. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply HH on April 10, 2020 at 3:54 pm (Edit) Hi Andrew, Big fan of your article. Frequently had trouble with plantar fasciitis on both (flat) feet.Curious if you have any suggestions for any exercise tools for those living in apartments with no steps readily available, eg plastic calf stretcher Reply Katharine on November 16, 2020 at 1:31 pm (Edit) Hello AO, I have tight calves from several years of competing as a dancer and then being a collegiate sprinter and jumper. I am going to try stretching my calves with this method suggested, 3x for 3 min off a stair. My other question is, should I continue to stretch through a tingling sensation that goes from the back of my knees all the way to my toes? It’s similar to the feeling you get when your foot “falls asleep”. I’ve read this could be compression of a nerve and that you shouldn’t hold the stretch any longer at that point. Thank you in advance and thank you for being a strong advocate of stretching! It is so hard to find people who value stretching consistently! Reply aoeditor on November 26, 2020 at 8:20 pm (Edit) Hi Katherine, Here are my thoughts. Diagnostically, one thing you should also consider is piriformis syndrome (PS) especially since your were/are a runner and a female. You may want to confirm the diagnosis by seeing a physical therapist or an orthopaedic surgeon. However, beware, this is basically a clinical diagnosis and testing (MRI, EMG/NCS, etc.) is for the most is a waste of time and money except to exclude other possibilities. But as I said, the history, and a simple physical exam can confirm this diagnosis. Stretching calves will not bother or set back PS, but it won’t help it either. None the less, I would continue calf stretching. One day I will do a blog on PS as it is a big interest of mine for three reasons: 1) this common problem is grossly under appreciated and under diagnosed, 2) it is over-treated, and stretching, when done long enough, is highly successful, 3) both my wife and I have had it and completely solved it with stretching. I have my own unique stretch I will share with my blog. For now please refer to this YouTube link. I would try each of these five exercises in this video and pick the ONE that you feel in your butt the most and stick with that one. I have been vocal here and elsewhere that too many options too often defeats the original objective in that we just quit or never start. Sticking to just one stretch that is effective creates compliance or in other words- keep it simple stupid (KISS). Finally, my experience with many patients with the numbness you speak of is that it is OK to challenge and even stretch well into it as long as the trend is that the numbness is not progressively getting worse. You suffer while stretching and maybe a bit after, but a week later the trend is no worse and likely getting better. If it is getting worse obviously back off or quit. Best to you and Happy Thanksgiving. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Larissa on January 24, 2020 at 9:12 pm (Edit) Hello Yes I am at my wits end with having damn foot trouble… and came upon you. I am very grateful for any and all help. I began stretching immediately after reading your blog. The problem is my foot started hurting like sooooo bad again after stretching for 1.5 weeks. So frustrating!!! I want to believe! I used the stair method but found that it was really pressing on the area of my foot thereby exacerbating the pain. I tried other stretches but didn’t seem to get as much of a stretch. So I gave up!!! What’s a girl to do? Any advice for my poor little foot? (I have suffered from a neuroma between 2nd and 3rd toes for close to 3 years. Metatarsal pads and orthotics enable me to walk but it hasn’t actually helped) Reply aoeditor on February 6, 2020 at 5:31 pm (Edit) Hi Larissa, I am always at my wit’s end. It is just the nature of being angry. The quick answer to your stretching woes may be that your enthusiasm created a lot of pressure. Clearly there are a few people who can’t stretch freefall off a step or with the pressure under the arch as I recommend. Please find an alternative, less aggressive method, such as leaning against the wall. There are some people so tight and painful that they need to start slow and build up gradually. That my dear is what a girl is to do. Finally, I did a study in the late ’80s and the quickest and best results using the exact same stretching you are attempting created an initial 2-3 weeks of increased pain. I interpreted it that they were actually doing the stretching. I am not telling you to endure terrible pain, but a slight increase in pain may be a sign you are heading in the right direction. Liken it to lifting weights and getting sore afterward. That is a good thing. I wish you well even though you rile me up. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply James M on April 9, 2020 at 10:28 pm (Edit) How do you feel about the “prostretch” rocker? Im in an acute phase of pain and when I place my arch on the stair the pain is really bad pressing in on my arch and I just cannot hold it long enough to feel the stretch in my calf. Ive tried the prostretch and it doesnt hurt my arch as much but not sure im getting the same real stretch on my calf.. Your thoughts? Reply aoeditor on April 12, 2020 at 11:26 am (Edit) Hi James, I am not a huge fan of the Pro Stretch for a number of reasons, but it works and anything and I mean anything, by any means or device that will get that calf stretched out is the goal. So, I say use it. I rarely endorse products, but the calf stretching device I like is the One Stretch. It is a bit pricey, but it makes the most sense biomechanically and economically. Best of luck to you. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Keith A on August 29, 2020 at 4:57 pm (Edit) Hi, I noted that you suggested doing the stretch in “sports type” shoes. Is there any additional benefit to doing it in bare feet? Or harm even? Reply aoeditor on September 7, 2020 at 9:17 am (Edit) Hi Keith, Any shoes are fine as long as they don’t slip. It really comes down to whatever you feel most comfortable to stretch in. Barefoot is ok if it works for you. A lot depends on the sharpness of the step edge. A thick carpet edge has a more gradual roll off and is kinder to a barefoot. But historically, mechanically and anatomically I see no advantage. To each his/ her own brother. Stay healthy me friends, AO Reply Keith A on September 1, 2020 at 4:13 pm (Edit) Hi, and while we’re at it…is there any additional benefit to doing the 3 x 3min routine more than once per day? Reply aoeditor on September 7, 2020 at 9:28 am (Edit) Hi again Keith, This is an excellent question, but bugging me twice could set me off. About 25 years ago when I was working through my stretching protocol over about a five-year period. I made observations based on patient feedback and did a bit of tinkering along the way. What I found was that two minutes three times a day or less didn’t work consistently enough. I also found that four minutes three times a day or more didn’t seem to work any better or faster than three minutes, but maybe occasionally. There is also randomized control evidence in the literature supporting this protocol. One was done by one of my past residents. Having said this I don’t believe there’s any harm in bumping it up to maybe an extra rep or two per day or three minutes four or five times a day in the beginning in the hopes that you might speed things up a bit. Please let us know how things go for you. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Al Menzies on October 31, 2020 at 4:53 am (Edit) Hello Dr, my friend Carl Long has spoken very highly of you over the years especially in the calf stretching department which I have been doing religiously now for about two years for hammer toe. Recently I have developed what was diagnosed as posterior tibial tendinitis of my left foot.The podiatrist I’ve seen In the Detroit area has me wearing an air cast (with bladder under arch) for the last four weeks. In the meantime I am having orthotics made…I’ve had quite a bit of swelling around the ankle that has not gone down. I’ve been trying to stay off my feet as much as possible but I don’t seem to get any relief from the pain. Any suggestions / thoughts? Reply aoeditor on November 9, 2020 at 2:13 pm (Edit) Hi Al, PTTD can stop you in your tracks for sure. I would hope that you arrived here because you slacked off on calf stretching over time. Certainly no shame there, just a lesson learned my friend. The AirCast bladder PTTD brace is a waste of time and I am not sure even one patient has been helped with that thing, Same thing for the orthotics. These interventions are like trying to kill an elephant with a BB gun. These are the typical gyrations my colleagues go thru on their way to finally telling you you need surgery and that does make me angry. You need to be in an off-the-shelf boot with a 1/2 to 1-inch heel lift. This puts the PTT at rest and keeps you going. Being a friend Carl this means golf and that is out for a while unless you can play in a boot. Finally, DO NOT stop stretching. Your endpoint with the boot is when the pain stops in the boot past-point wearing it for an additional month. I am serious or you may relapse. I think it is time I did a blog on PTTD for all those in the AO Nation. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply N. Judy on November 10, 2020 at 11:47 am (Edit) Dear Doctor, I hope, I do not make you angry. 5 month ago I started calf stretch, as I have leg pain and my second toe hurts, which is much longer, than the first. I did it for two weeks, but I then I stopped as I got some pain in my hipjoint and hipbone and l also in my grain. Normally I do not have problems in thes areas. Two days ago I decided to start the stretching again, as I thought, it should be useful for my foot, toe and leg issue, but I have the same problem with my hip and grain. The pain is not very bad, but still a bit unpleasant and it makes me worry. I also tried other sort of calf stretch ing, but I also had similar pains in my hip and grain, after doing this exercise. I do not want to quit again, and I am sill very enthusiastic about calf stretcing, but now I do not know, what to do. What are your thought? Thanks. Judy Reply aoeditor on November 10, 2020 at 1:33 pm (Edit) Judy, The fact you had these pains makes angry! I am glad to hear about you enthusiasm. Here are a few of my thoughts:* Your enthusiasm may be translating into an attempt, conscious or subconscious, to give it everything and stretching too hard* Your technique may be incorrect. Maybe you are bending over at the hips.* The likely reason is that the “chain” from the back all the way down to the feet is connected and these hip area pains are telling you they need some stretching as well.I am OK with this pain as long as it levels out/plateaus after a while and does not continue to trend worse. I am quite certain there is no permanent damage going on simply because what you are doing stretching when done correctly is not any different than just standing. So, I say go on with it and adjust as needed and eventually you will get to the next level. I suspect you knew this from your questions, but it always helps to get confirmation. Finally, I am happy (less angry for me) for your question so that others who may be having similar issues and concerns can also benefit. Stay in touch and let’s all know and benefit from your journey. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Christa Boquet on November 10, 2020 at 9:41 pm (Edit) I am giving you an update. I have been religiously stretching for 3 months and the difference is incredible! I tell everyone about you and your technique. I still have pain in left heel, when I first walk in morning. Is this due to tight calves? I feel my left Achilles is tight. I normally do the Gastroc stretch first thing in morning, then I can walk pain free. Didn’t know if you recommended a better stretch? I appreciate and value your opinion, thank you for time! Reply aoeditor on November 12, 2020 at 6:00 pm (Edit) Hi Christa, Being angry really makes me happy, and your comments have really fired me up sister. I love your persistence and a lot more is coming as you continue to stretch. As you know I rarely recommend any products, but one of my ortho buddies has a device that does the stretch better and makes doing it safer. It is the One Stretch. You be the judge. Regardless, keep stretching and spreading the word. It is truly a shame everyone does not know this, but I will keep trying. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Melissa on November 26, 2020 at 9:45 am (Edit) Dear AO, today is Thanksgiving and it is also the first morning in 6 months that I didn’t experience a searing, stabbing pain in my heel when getting out of bed. For that I’m so grateful for finding this blog and following your advice. Not being able to walk or stand without intense pain has devastated my quality of life, increasing my anxiety and depression in an already challenging time. I’ve spent so much money on shoes, countless orthotics. I’ve done ice, heat, rest, night splints. I’ve been to two doctors and the physical therapist. The physical therapist suggested calf stretching but not emphatically or specifically, which I guess was what I really needed! I put myself in the group of people whose pain significantly increased upon starting your calf stretching regimen, but I’m now two weeks in and stretching 30 seconds 3 times per day, and will continue to build up to the recommended reps and duration. The visual for instructing the proper position for the heel drop was a lifesaver. I also found the One Stretch for myself as I think it will be easier for when I’m up to 3 minutes duration. I’m also grateful to all the other commenters here who shared their experience with this stretching regimen. It gave me hope when I was feeling so hopeless. Last week, I was unable to walk my dog even one block. We used to walk several miles a day. After getting out of bed this morning with significantly less pain, I’m hopeful that I’ve finally turned the corner. Will update again later.Many thanks! Reply aoeditor on November 26, 2020 at 6:34 pm (Edit) Hi Melissa, I may be angry, but I am thankful today and every day that I can make a difference. Thanks Melissa for your kind words!Next to family, you made my day. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Melissa on December 3, 2020 at 2:16 pm (Edit) Update one week later: up to 3 minutes 3x per day and pain is rapidly trending DOWNWARD! I am off pain killers completely today and can wear slippers instead of my Hoka’s when getting out of bed in the morning (literally have not been able to do this in months and I even bought ridiculously expensive PF slippers!). Three weeks ago, my foot throbbed with pain even when laying on the couch with it elevated. I literally couldn’t stand on the bathmat in my shower because the little rubber mounds were excruciating on my bare foot. Ibuprofen did nothing, ice did nothing. I honestly thought amputation and a prosthesis would be preferable to living with chronic pain from PF! I had a leg scooter in my Amazon cart, but thankfully you saved me yet another unnecessary expense. For me it’s been a little trial and error in terms of intensity and duration of stretching sessions, but I’m doing it consistently. I’m not completely pain free yet, but I walked my dog a half mile yesterday and can spend significantly more time on my feet without pain, and the pain is more tolerable when I have it. I can walk normally without limping. I’m thrilled with the results thus far and am a calf-stretcher for life now!Many thanks again Reply aoeditor on December 25, 2020 at 9:00 am (Edit) Hi Melissa, My pleasure. I just wish more people could experience what you have learned and how simple and FREE it is to do this simple stretch. That makes me angry. To copy from my answer to Hannah before, what makes me really angry is 95% of runners will predictably shun stretching and tell you it was something else that did the trick. They will continue to enthusiastically comment on all the worthless things they think keep them healthy: shoes, orthotics, compression socks, barefoot running, and the rest of this very long list. People, stop wasting your money and sustaining your “injury”. Do the right thing and trust the stretch. Stay healthy my friends, AO Hannah on December 11, 2020 at 5:14 am (Edit) I’d been struggling with PF for weeks, then this was posted to my running group on Facebook… and now I’m running again. I know if I’ve ever forgotten to do the stretching because I feel things tightening up again, but a couple of days of making time for this and the pain goes again. Thank you! Reply aoeditor on December 25, 2020 at 8:46 am (Edit) Hi Hannah, I am not even angry, in fact, I am happy for you. What makes me really angry is 95% of those runners on your FB running page will predictably shun stretching and tell you it was something else that did the trick. They will continue to enthusiastically comment on all the worthless things they think keep them healthy: shoes, orthotics, compression socks, barefoot running, and the rest of this very long list. Please do them a favor and promote stretching and of course me, the AngryOrthopod. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply patrick on September 19, 2021 at 10:51 am (Edit) Thanks for all of the information. I have been running in Hoka shoes for the past year and off-and-on before that. Runner of 25 years who took most of 2019 and 2020 off because of low back pain and an OCD of my left ankle. Long story short was back to running around 40 miles a week in June/July and with times I hadn’t come close to in almost a decade. I was getting bored of the Hokas and bought a pair of Asics Kayano, which have a 10mm drop as opposed to the 5mm drop I was used to. Went for a run and felt wonderful, faster, better gait and less pain and stiffness overall. A week later took them out for 16 miles, my calves felt tight around 6 miles and I pushed through for 10 more. My calves have still not recovered, not “pain” but extreme stiffness—feels as if they are stuck “on” or shortened. Have managed to do some great track workouts since (i mention this to kind of rule out and real kind of sprain or tear/ there is no loss of strength), but in the last few weeks the tightness has just been a touch demoralizing as it gets more intense with each mile and eventually just too uncomfortable to want to run any further. I stretch my calves religiously but stumbled upon your method last night and am excited to get started. Otherwise though, does any of this make sense to you, any idea what it could be? Thank you. Reply aoeditor on September 23, 2021 at 1:30 pm (Edit) Hi Patrick, It does make sense. I want to clarify first that by calves that it is indeed both calves. I ask to make sure your talar/ankle OCD is not still involved. BTW, you are doing very well from an OCD. I have personal experience with exactly what you are experiencing and the upgrade stretching should do the trick. Your issue has no name and in my experience rare. Besides my own experience, I have seen it in only a couple of patients, and calf stretching worked every time. In my case, to be honest I actually do not stretch routinely on purpose. I want to experience the issues, if any, my patients feel and confirm that the stretching indeed works. As confident as I am about the somewhat universal power of calf stretching, critical thinking makes me a born doubter. As I intervened early with stretching, I personally have had plantar fasciitis, insertional Achilles tendinosis twice, midfoot pain with certainly early osteoarthritis, anterior ankle pain (impingement), posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction, and I may have had a couple more I forgot. None got going, so to speak, because I intervened early with only calf stretching. So, I thought that would be an interesting story. Equinus is so pervasive and it is beyond me why no one is talking about it, let alone screaming about it. I know why HCPs are not talking. They either don’t know or don’t want you to know as that will hit them in the most vital bodily orgen, the wallet. So, please stretch away and keep running! Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Julie Hash on February 6, 2021 at 7:27 pm (Edit) Ok, here’s what going on with my stupid, stupid foot. I’ve been stretching religiously for going on 7 weeks. Holy cow, what huge improvement I’ve had, I’m beyond thankful to you for that! The pain has almost vanished from my arch (where it was mostly concentrated) but I’ve now gotten more of a searing type pain on the side, bottom part of my heel on the inside of my foot (as opposed to the outside) It’s not constant, just an intermittent knife in the side of the heel. My first question is, is this normal? And question # 2 when I am on “leg day” in my workout cycle, are calf raises ok? My foot will usually feel a bit more sore, but overall better over the next day or two. Thank you in advance! Hope you aren’t too angry 😉 Reply aoeditor on February 7, 2021 at 1:23 pm (Edit) Julie, Thanks for making my Super Bowl LV Sunday by making me angry. It is refreshing to say the least. Julie, you bring up an excellent point and interestingly I just added it at the end of my calf stretching post just 3 weeks ago. Great minds, huh? The tight gastrocnemius, equinus, is mechanically “connected” to so many structures where it can create its indirect havoc. This includes havoc on these 22 foot and ankle problems: – General start up pain and stiffness– Foot pain especially associated with start up pain or stiffness– Plantar fasciitis– Sever’s disease– Shin splints– Posterior Tibialis Tendon Rupture(PTTR)-Acquired flatfoot deformity– Second MTP synovitis/plantar plate rupture which leads to hammer toe– Morton’s neuroma– Insertional Achilles tendinosis/Haglund’s deformity– Achilles tendinitis– Recurrent musculotendinous Achilles ruptures– Calf cramps at night/Charley horse– Midfoot osteoarthritis– Navicular stress fracture– Calcaneal stress fracture– Jones/Fifth MT stress fx– Diabetic Charcot arthropathy– Diabetic malperforans ulcer formation– Metatarsal stress fractures (prevention)– Achilles tendon ruptures (prevention)– Hammer toe formation secondary to MTP synovitis (prevention)– Ankle arthritis/Anterior ankle spurs (prevention) In your case, it sounds like you had the less common mid-substance plantar fasciitis and in stretching you woke up the more common proximal plantar fasciitis. Let’s just say t was just waiting there waiting to be awoken and you poked it. This is clearly an unintended consequence, but it makes perfect sense to me. Keep stretching and this too will pass. It is predictable and happens all too often and if you ponder on it, it should serve to confirm that you are on the right path. As far as calf strengthening/calf raises; no problem. Calf strength and calf tightness have little if anything to do with each other. Keep stretching and all will go away. I am glad you reached out because you might do what so many do too often when they have this experience; quit. Please reach out to spread the word on this stupid, free, simple treatment. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Ursula on April 8, 2021 at 7:24 am (Edit) I wanted to thank you. I was diagnosed with a Morton’s Neuroma a couple of years ago. I was well aware that the NHS would do nothing about it. (and reading your blog, I didn’t really want them to) I started to do these calf stretches, and my foot is now fine. It took a few months but the foot is completely pain free. I have recommended this site and the stretches to anyone who will listen. They also help enormously with cramps and restless legs syndrome. Thank you again! I would have happily paid good money for therapy as good as this. Interestingly, I was told by my GP, when he phoned to confirm the diagnosis, that I also had arthritis in two of my toes. When I said “Really? The radiologist said there was no sign on arthritis in that foot” He replied “Oh! ….. In that case it’s probably just the neuroma” Hmmmm! It didn’t do a lot for my confidence in them. Thank you again. God bless you. Reply aoeditor on April 28, 2021 at 10:19 am (Edit) Hi Ursula, We are a match made in heaven, or hell, madwoman and angryorthopod. I would bet neither of us is really mad of angry. Unfortunately, you story is the rule, not the exception. Mainstream, western medicine is in a phase of ignoring, either due to stupidity or conveniently, the root cause of an issue. We pile on unfocused, palliative treatments and medicine that does little more that treat symptoms. THAT MAKES ME ANGRY. We practice sick care, not health care. As a side not, I am a Bart’s man, as they say. In 1984 I was a Sr. Registrar for six months at St. Bartholomew Hospital in London. What a wonderful time, country and people. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Phil on April 17, 2021 at 8:00 pm (Edit) Hi AO, Apologies if you’ve covered this but any difference if I use a slant board instead of s step for the calf stretch. Reply aoeditor on April 18, 2021 at 10:20 pm (Edit) Hi Phil, Good question. At the end of the day I don’t care how you stretch as long as your knees are straight, you feel it high in your gastrocnemius and you do them for a good length of time and stay with it. I have had better success with the step with my patients, but some did fine on a slant board. My only issue with the slant board is that it is sort of awkward and as such people may give up. In addition it gives a slightly less aggressing stretch, but again it works for many. Best of luck. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Alexandra Jones on May 8, 2021 at 4:55 pm (Edit) Hello AO, I am an active 31y.o. female who took a 6/7 week workout hiatus from my normal Kettlebell program due to a hand injury. I jumped right back into my normal workouts not taking into the account the time off. My calves and achilles felt exceptionally tight (actually my whole lower body did) after working out and within days I started to develop an aching and pain in both of my feet, which I imagine must be PF. Interestingly, the hand injury I am recovering from is diagnosed as trigger finger, in all ten fingers. The PF feels oddly similar in nature to the trigger finger I am dealing with. Anyways, can this type of chain of events cause PF to occur? Also, I know I suffer from ankle restriction/equinus, will this stretching routine help with ankle mobility? Lastly, your content is incredible! Thank you for your time and dedication. Best, Alexandra Reply aoeditor on May 9, 2021 at 9:01 pm (Edit) Hi Alexandra, Thanks for the kind words, but they do nothing to stoke the anger which I so desperately seek. Sorry about your hand injury, but it seems to be on the mend. I will say trigger finger in more that two fingers is unusual, but not unheard of. I will say that you likely have plantar fasciitis as it often comes about after a reduction of activities. There is a phenomenon called the Law of Davis where connective tissue will shorten if not brought to a point of regular length or tension, which occurs when you are down. This happens to the collagen in and around the gastrocnemius (actually any muscle tendon unit), but note, this does not happen to the muscle itself. It is a minor, but important point. Just in case, there is only one “equivalent” of trigger finger in the foot- Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) Tenosynovitis. Now that is a mouthful. It is a stenosing tenosynovitis, but does not trigger per se, it is just pain in the posteromedial aspect of the ankle. It is basically an issue of teenage girls, but can occur in any age. Calf stretching will not only improve your ankle dorsiflexion ROM, is the only way to do it short of a knife. Using a roller, or any of these other cockamamy treatments are not supported by evidence, but they are the rage. I feel bed that so many waste their time with such nonsense. So, Alexandra, you be patient and stretch away my friend. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Kapil on March 10, 2022 at 1:40 pm (Edit) Hello AO, I recently started running and looks like I over did it and soles of both my feets hurt very badly, making it hard to stand longer or walk. It appears to be plantar fasciitis. Should I also do calf stretching? Also, please suggest if I can still do running/cycling or body weight workout? Sorry if I made you angry Reply Dave on May 9, 2021 at 6:45 pm (Edit) This may or may not be connected to equinus etc. but you seem to be on to stuff others have missed so I’ll give it a shot. My wife, who is disabled, has been suffering from a 20 year bout with severe foot/ankle tendinosis that was the end result of a 30 year bout with Reflex Sympathy Distrophy (RSD) which thankfully has been driven into remission (that’s another long story). She walks (barely) with a walker — like 50 feet or so — and then she’s done. She can bear almost no weight on her feet. Nevertheless, would some reduced form of your calf stretching have any effect on resolving the tendinosis? Thanks. Reply aoeditor on May 9, 2021 at 9:17 pm (Edit) Hi David, So sorry to hear about your wife, but happy the RSD is in remission. Folks, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) really sucks. Talkin’ about making me angry! I can’t say if calf stretching will help or not without specifics about the tendinitis, but in general no matter the issue calf stretching will likely help. If it is Achilles tendinitis or Insertional Achilles tendinitis, then calf stretching will help. As you said though, go very slow, and I mean slow because of the history of RSD. Over the years I have had a number of patients with RSD secondary to a non-traumatic acquired foot and ankle pathology arising from equinus. It was a bit hit or miss, but many did very well with calf stretching where nothing else helped. So, proceed with caution my friend. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Dave on May 9, 2021 at 10:06 pm (Edit) I have PF in just my right foot. Should I only stretch that calf? Or is that too much weight on 1 leg? Reply aoeditor on May 10, 2021 at 9:28 pm (Edit) I am really confused. You wrote in regarding your wife, but now we are talking about you and plantar fasciitis. You can stretch one calf at a time, but there is usually no reason to do it that way, so I would stay with both. Too much stretch- one calf – could be too much, but yo will know it. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Julie on May 23, 2021 at 2:19 am (Edit) Is it ok to stretch in bare feet? My trainers now have PF orthotics in them so my foot won’t move much in them. Reply aoeditor on June 2, 2021 at 8:32 pm (Edit) Hi Julie, Most people do best stretching with sports/tennis/running shoes on. It provides some cushioning and traction. But some like it barefoot. It would be your choice. As long as you feel the stretch high in your calve I don’t care how you do it. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Ann Ulrich on June 22, 2021 at 10:09 am (Edit) Does your recommended stretch also stretch the soleus muscle? I have a stiff leg further down in the calf. Do I need to add a different stretch for this particular muscle? Reply Ann Ulrich on June 24, 2021 at 3:50 am (Edit) Hello again!Sorry if I didn’t express myself clearly in my former email. There seems to be different stretches for the gastro muscle and the soleus muscle. Straight leg vs bent leg stretches. Curious if your recommended stretch takes care of both muscles. It certainly seems like I am experiencing a good stretch throughout my calf during my stretching, especially high in the calf. I have now been doing The Stretch for several weeks and my foot pain is lessening! My main foot issue is a tight fascia under my foot. The problem started after surgery for removal of an extra navicular bone. I ended up being in a cast. The surgeon informed me that I had a classic gastro muscle contraction. No enthusiastic stretching recommendation was given.Thank you so much for all your helpful advice — and anger. Reply aoeditor on July 2, 2021 at 10:45 pm (Edit) Hey Ann, Well, I am angry indeed. I am glad your doc pointed out your equinus, but basically no stretching recommended, pair for the course my dear. Actually you hit the nail on the head, “No enthusiastic stretching recommendation…” The is an excellent point and observation. If a doc even recommends stretching it is usually half hearted and in passing. No wonder so many people fail calf stretching. And it does make me angry. I mean millions are missing out on this simple, almost 100% effective solution to so many foot and ankle problems. For some strange reason there is a pretty large contingent out there who push soleus stretching. I have nothing against it, but human nature says we are lucky if we will do one thing, and two, forget it! So, if one is going to stretch make sure it is the gastrocnemius, straight legged. And as you pointed out, you stretch both soleus and gastrocnemius straight legged, but only the soleus gets stretched bent kneed. Clinically speaking there is really no pathologic issue that results from a soleus contracture, unless is a fixed equinus, and that is a different thing altogether and rare. So, put all your eggs into the gastrocnemius stretching basket. I am glad, but not surprised that you are seeing positive results. Stupid simple ain’t it? Spread the word. Stay healthy my friends, AO Jennifer on July 10, 2021 at 7:20 pm (Edit) Hello AO and thank you for your blog. I am working my way through my first experience with PF or what I’m assuming is PF. I had pain for about 5-6 months before I came across your blog. I have been on your stretching regimen for a little over three months. At first I felt great, so great that I started exercising in the morning before stretching and then stretching later in the day. Now, for the past few weeks, the pain is back. So, I have two questions: 1) By not stretching before exercise, did I undo the good I did from the previous stretching? Or could there be another reason the pain is back? 2) I can feel the stretch in my upper calves (mostly in the first three minutes), but I also feel some pain in my heel while stretching. Is that typical? Or am I overdoing it? Mostly the left foot, which is the primary source of pain. Thank you! Reply aoeditor on September 23, 2021 at 5:13 pm (Edit) Hi Jennifer, I still know you are on the right track. One of the bad things about stretching is the time it takes to get the job done. And that can be months. I have definitely seen patients improve then move backwards temporarily while continuing to stretch. I do think you have done it correctly. Now for your answers: #1 The pain is back for unknown reasons to me, but as I said given time you will break thru again. While you could stretch before exercise, maybe lighter/less time, but as you intimated stretching is best done away from exercise. I do not think your method has anything to do with the return. #2 As long as the pain is mild and tolerable there is nothing wrong with feeling the pain in your heel. However, too aggressive stretching , while not damaging generally speaking, cold be a reason for your “relapse”. So, trying backing off tactic might be beneficial for the immediate time. I hope this helps and apologies for the delayed response. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Jen on August 10, 2021 at 9:46 pm (Edit) Hi Angry—wondering if calf stretching will help with toe flexion. When on my toes in a push-up position, I have stiffness that is preventing them from flexing/curling to grip the ground. Since calf tightness causes so much to go haywire, I figured I would start there to rule out any issue. I do have tight calves (and ankles) and have started your protocol. I used to do it regularly and see the error in letting the habit lapse! Fingers crossed! Reply Jen on August 21, 2021 at 8:39 am (Edit) Hi AO, I’ve returned to the stretching protocol after lapsing, and it’s certainly helping some aches and stiffness that have accumulated during some pandemic inactivity. I have been having an issue with my toes flexing correctly and fully to grab the floor when in a push up position. Will calf stretching eventually help with that? Is the stiffness there caused by tight calf muscles too? Curious if I’m helping to correct this at the same time too. Thanks! Reply aoeditor on September 23, 2021 at 1:36 pm (Edit) Hi Jen, First of all I do think the calf stretching will likely take care of this. It has mostly in my patients. To be honest, I can’t give you a good answer as to what it is or any anatomic rational, but it does happen. As much as I don’t like plantar fascial stretching I would suggest you throw that in also just in case. But, don’t not stretch your calves. I wish you the best. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Laurel Ludy on September 21, 2021 at 9:08 am (Edit) I also wanted to heartily thank you. I was an active walker/hiker but after 2 months of hobbling around with sudden PF and trying “everything” which did not seem to help, I came upon this site. This stretch has been extremely helpful and I am finally encouraged with improvement. I sent back expensive sneakers I had ordered in desperation as part of the “everything”, not now needing them. I am sharing this information with family and friends who also suffer with PF. Thank you again, I am very grateful! Reply aoeditor on September 23, 2021 at 12:47 pm (Edit) Hi Laurel, So glad you are doing well, but so expected, at least by me. So simple it is stupid. It always seems the simplest and most effective solution is summarily dismissed and that makes me angry. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Brad M on November 30, 2021 at 9:53 am (Edit) Hi AO, I’ve been doing the calf stretches for almost two months and I have a couple of questions. When I do the calf stretches, is my ankle supposed to be sore and tender? Is having weak ankles from previous injuries related to my plantar fasciitis? I’ve been dealing with plantar fasciitis for almost three years now and after I started doing the calf stretches for two weeks, I felt really good. However, I feel like my pain has gotten worse again even though I haven’t changed anything to my daily regimen. Is this to be expected? Thanks in advance! Reply aoeditor on December 12, 2021 at 8:43 am (Edit) Hi Brad, Okay, that makes me angry, but what doesn’t. Great description of the issue. Typically ankles can hurt, although not often, early on as we “wake” things up, but this almost always resolves. You might modify the stretch to a more comfortable position or reduce intensity or backing off a bit and restart. Another explainable reason might be that you may be reaching the max or end point of your ankle dorsiflexion (upward motion) and compressing the front of the ankle together. This reason usually comes later. This would not happen in a normal ankle, but if you had previous injuries (week ankles) and have developed anterior ankle spur(s) (a normal response to previous injuries) that is quiescent you may be exposing things. You are not causing injury or damage, but no reason to endure that pain. I would say to modify, but keep trying to stretch. BTW way weak ankles can only be related to plantar fasciitis in that weak ankle will modify ones activities and create additional calf contracture. My impression is that you will pass through this phase and get the job done. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply MK on December 12, 2021 at 2:30 am (Edit) Hi AO, this might be a dumb question but… for this stretch to be effective (or comfortable), do I need to be wearing shoes? I go barefoot a lot and when I’m not I’m usually in minimalist shoes anyway. 😀 Also, is something like a slant board an okay substitute, or is the pressure on the arch part of the point of it? I don’t really have any stairs or blocks to stand on, unless I go out to the street and use the curb, but I’ll definitely buy an aerobic step if I need to. 2 yrs in on PF and I’ll see docs and tell them I’ve been reading about how the problem is actually the calf, and they’ll AGREE and then aim treatment at my feet still??? Or YouTube videos will talk about the calf being the issue and then not tell you at all how to address the calf. I feel like I’m taking crazy pills. 😀 Thanks very much for this specific advice, can’t wait to stretch the hell out of my painfully tight calves. Reply aoeditor on December 12, 2021 at 8:59 am (Edit) Hi MK, Dumb questions do make me angry, but this one is not dumb, so thanks for that. You know, at the end of the day I don’t care how you stretch or what you are wearing when you do it as long as you do it long enough and feel it high in your calf.BTW, barefoot is fantastic, in fact if you think about it we were not born with shoes. Just sayin’. The method I have explained and recommend is the method that I have determined through years of trial and error in thousands of patients that works best for the most. Most importantly it is the easiest to do which creates compliance. Face it, if you don’t do it, it can’t work, right? Slant board, aerobic step, whatever, all have a chance to work, just find what works for you. Finally, your last paragraph does and has always made me angry. For some inexplicable reason healthcare providers, etc., even my closest colleagues will do just what you describe. How is this to be interpreted? They don’t believe stretching works! And they don’t want it to work. Maybe this is why there is a current trend, if not craze, for surgically lengthening the calf. Why? I am about to start back up contributing blogs angrier than ever and this will be addressed. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply Carrie on December 31, 2021 at 9:36 am (Edit) I’ve been dealing with plantar fasciitis for a month now. Calf stretching definitely makes sense to me. The only problem is that I have mobility and balance issues. Trying to stand on the edge of a step terrifies me. I’d probably fall and break my neck. Is there any kind of calf stretch I could do while sitting that might be almost as effective? Reply aoeditor on January 3, 2022 at 12:55 pm (Edit) Hi Carrie, While uncommon, your situation is not unheard of and I agree it can be scary to stretch, especially on stairs unless you have good stability. There are many ways to stretch the calf, specifically the gastrocnemius. While the step is the best and easiest, in my angry opinion, other methods can get it done. The problem with other methods is that they require more concentrations to get relaxed to get deep into the stretch and a lot of attention to technique detail. It can be done, but is just a bit more tedious and slower as the intensity of the stretch will not be that of the step. However, you get it, which is 90% of the way there, so I think you will succeed. Just be patient and know that between intensity of the stretch versus duration of stretch, duration is the most important. – sitting on a bed, floor or couch with one leg straight out (knee straight) you can use a belt, or yoga strap, or towel with it looping around your ball of foot and pull back like on a reigns of a horse. Switch and repeat 3 minutes per day on both sides. Amazon sells many stretch straps and this could be a resource for you.– Stretch against the wall with one foot nearer to the wall, the non stretch leg, and the other farther way from the wall with knee straight, the leg to be stretched.– While I don’t love slant boards, that can get it done. Just put near wall and face wall and hold on. Amazon has tons of them. Make sure to concentrate on the stretch being higher in the calf, closer to the back of the knee, not lower. I wish you the best and a happy (un-angry) New Year. Stay healthy my friends, AO Reply turtlegurl on January 5, 2022 at 6:24 pm (Edit) Maybe you talk about this elsewhere on the site and I just haven’t come across it yet, but wouldn’t this type of static stretching trigger the stretch reflex, sooner or later bringing the muscles back to their original length — or even shorter? And how would stretching in this way help the gamma loop to adapt? Thank you. Reply aoeditor on January 8, 2022 at 8:13 am (Edit) Yo Turtlegurl, I have not discussed this before. Thanks for bringing up a subject I would like to talk about, so much so, I think I will do a blog post on it. Everything I will say is my opinion thru the lens of an orthopaedic surgeon with 32 years of experience, much of it focused on calf stretching. To be perfectly honest, I know just enough about all the stretching methods, the neurologic component of muscles, and their control mechanisms to be dangerous. I don’t know your training, or experience, but it is safe to say you likely know more than me sizing up your question. So, this seriously begs the question, “If the AO is such a dunce regarding stretching, why is he out there promoting static stretching like a fool?” The short answer is because static stretching works. While there is plenty of published evidence that it does work, it is my heuristic experience that tells me that it most definitely works. Maybe my conviction is quixotic, but I don’t think so. The long answer will be in a blog post. The medium answer I will cover here in simple terms, not that you need simple, but because I am simple and that it is the only adequate way I can explain and simple for the sake of other potential readers. This is where I ask you to open your mind to entertain the possibility of a paradigm change regarding stretching. Static stretching is indeed resisted by the stretch reflex and gamma loop, but these, as you know and alluded to, can adapt and reset. Fundamentally, there are only two structures to stretch, the muscle and the connective tissue. Of course, there are blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, etc. but for the sake of discussion, let’s count them as negligible. When I think of stretching actual muscle, which indeed brings in the stretch reflex, gamma loop, etc., I think of stretching only for today. This is basically for pre-athletic performance stretching and I am in complete agreement that in this setting static stretching is more or less a waste of time. Alas, I am thoroughly uninterested in that endpoint. The endpoint I am interested in is getting the musculotendinous unit back to its “original” designed, god-given length. And I can assure you that our muscles, our connective tissue, actually shortens as we age. So, what structure needs to be stretched? This is a subject discussed about infrequently as it is assumed it is only the muscle that needs to be stretched. After all, we do call it “stretching muscle”. However, my clinical-based focus, especially for those of us past our mid-twenties (or old like me, try it), is that we are stretching the intertwining connective/collagen tissue (endo, peri and ectomysium) that holds things together. This is what gets tight and, in the case of equinus, and ultimately causes all the havoc on the human foot and ankle. Another comparable example is tight hamstrings and low back pain. To make static stretching work, it takes time as far as each stretch sequence (my protocol is 3 min 3 times per day, every day if possible) and time in doing it for weeks and, in some cases months. The connective tissue took years to get this way, and the reset or realignment is a slow process. Failure to have the required patience or knowledge, or conviction is precisely why static stretching fails. My patients, in excess of 10,000-maybe 20,000, I lost count, were educated and convinced, and as a result they succeeded greater than 95%, and that includes the folks that would never fess up to not actually stretching. This is opposed to the typical stretching 2-3 times per week, hold it for 30 seconds max, for 2 to 6 weeks- and that is pushing it. No wonder static stretching fails. I hope this explanation sheds some light on your question. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply Jennifer Ugarte on February 4, 2022 at 9:44 pm (Edit) Hi doc!I’m excited about finding your post. I’ve been struggling with PF for about a year and it really bums me out. Can I continue to walk/run what I can handle while I start the stretch program? I came across a site called KingsBrand that promotes BFST wraps and other stuff. What are your thoughts on that? Thank you for all you do! I’m starting on the stretches tomorrow. Reply aoeditor on February 7, 2022 at 9:25 pm (Edit) Howdy Jennifer, I’m also excited. You can definitely remain active, even push it, and endure some pain while you get the stretching done (be patient) as long as you don’t see a progressive worsening of things. Daily activity related ups and downs are fine as long as you are not worse in a week or two or so. Then it may be time to back off, but this usually does not happen. You just had to go and mention those other things like BFST. I’m angry now. No doubt this sort of stuff might assist your recovery, but they are aimed at the last domino to fall, not the finger that pushed the first domino, the root cause. Thus they will not “fix” it. Addressing the root cause is where the money is. So, do the BFST, or or any other acronym, but don’t not do CS (calf stretching). Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply Ashley on February 20, 2022 at 12:42 pm (Edit) Hi! I just came across your blog and love it! I have metatarsalgia and have started following your calf stretching recommendations. The pain started several years ago after a metatarsal fracture and has increasingly gotten worse. Is there anything else you recommend in conjunction with the calf stretching regimen? I have read about foot and toe strengthening exercises but I’m worried it may do more harm than good? Any advice? Reply aoeditor on February 21, 2022 at 9:39 am (Edit) Yo Ashley, Very interesting story, one I have heard numerous times. I will address your points and questions one at a time, but first I have a few questions myself:1. What MT fractured? Was it a stress fracture or traumatic? Did it heal as is, meaning straight, not angulated? I ask because if it angulated the forces can shift to the MT next door, i.e., 2nd MT fractured and displaces upward and 3rd now takes load instead of second.2. Historically, based on my observations if this was a stress fracture there is a 75% chance you had plantar fasciitis prior to the MT fracture. What say you? No doubt stretching will help, if not solve things completely, but the answers to the questions will shed light on what you odds are of there degree of help you might receive.As far as additional things to do in while you stretch, I would guess you have tried much of the standard crapolla that is out there, such as orthotics, rollers, massage, to name a few. No doubt foot and ankle strengthening is good for you and not harmful, but they are basically a waste of time when it comes to the primary focus, addressing the root cause, equips or calves too tight. I would advise you to look read part 1 and 2 of Plantar plate repairs & the pre-dislocation syndrome: what the f$@%. In particular, look at the two videos. While you may not have second MTP synovitis., the forces and mechanism of action is identical. So, back to the strengthening, do it is you wish, just don’t not do the stretching. To answer your second question, which not gonna lie angered me a bit (thanks). It sounds like you have second MTP synovitis and if this is the case, you will be running before you know it. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Ashley on February 20, 2022 at 12:44 pm (Edit) Also another quick question if I may. The pain in the ball of my foot worsens when I run. To the point that I cannot put weight on my foot. Will I be able to get back to running after stretching for a few months? Any other exercises or stretches you’d recommend? Reply Petra on May 27, 2022 at 10:36 pm (Edit) Sounds like Morton’s neuroma. Reply Kapil on March 10, 2022 at 9:30 pm (Edit) Hello AO, I started running/skipping lately and I overdid it which caused plantar facsittis to both my feets and my feets soles hurt when I stand Or walk…please suggest what should I do? Also can I keep doing my workouts – jogging, skipping, weight training? Thank you. Sorry don’t be angry at me Reply aoeditor on March 16, 2022 at 2:42 pm (Edit) Yo Kapil, I am all fired up. You are in real trouble now. First, contrary to most of the morons out there recommending rest to basically everyone (this actually does make me mad!), you can continue working out on any level you want. Here are the general rules on that. If continued workouts create an escalation in your pain over time then back off to where the pain is steady. Acceptable is a scenario where your pain is improving (with calf stretching) or a steady daily cycle of get worse with activity and followed by recovery, but not gradually worsening over time. A great reference analogy would be the movie “Groundhog Day”. In other words, it is OK to play with pain that is within reason. How did you miss calf stretching? This is what you do, period! Plantar fasciitis is not some mystical, poof and now you got it- there is an underlying singular cause. However, most of my colleagues forgo the root cause thing and focus only on the end result. No wonder plantar fasciitis treatment fails so often. I’m just getting going and feeling better already and it is, after all, all about me. Here’s a thought. Should one put their effort into eradicating the smoke, or would they fight the fire? Only a fool would fight the smoke and ignore the fire. This also goes for plantar fasciitis (smoke) and equinus (fire). I am OK for doing things to address the plantar fasciitism to make one feel better, but do not ignore the equinus. You did not overdo it. This is a critical concept that everyone out there in the AO Nation must understand. This includes my halfwit colleagues. Take a look at my post on inflammation. While “doing too much” may have triggered your plantar fasciitis, it was only the straw that broke the camel’s back. Your plantar fasciitis was just waiting to get going because you have equinus (calves that are too tight) that developed over the past several years and your boost in activities took it over the edge, but DID NOT cause it. I am widely published in this area. This, my friend, is the root cause of plantar fasciitis and 21 other foot and ankle non-traumatic acquired foot and ankle pathologies. And the equinus will be there until you stretch it out. One final point. Interestingly, plantar fasciitis can and often resolves without addressing the equinus. It is a mystery, but I have theories not to be addressed here. But know this, unresolved equinus, based on my 40 years of heuristic experience, can and will likely cause one of the other 21 foot and ankle non-traumatic acquired foot and ankle pathologies in time. 65% of my patients presenting with one of these other foot and ankle non-traumatic acquired foot and ankle pathologies had a clear cut history of plantar fasciitis in the past 5-10 year give or take. So, there are many reasons to stretch. OK, I am now calm….. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply Karen on May 5, 2022 at 10:48 am (Edit) Just a quick question on the calf stretch. How long do you hold the stretch? When I downloaded the guide and saw the typical pattern of recovery/advancement schedule it shows week 1 as 15 seconds 3 times a day, week 2 30 seconds 3 times a day, etc. just want to make sure I’m correctly assuming that I need to work up to 3 minutes a day by week 6 and that I will actually be holding that stretch for a full 3 minutes or is it a up and down motion?I’ve been suffering for 5 months and it’s just getting worse. New insoles superfeet orange hurt, bought some Softsoles which is more comfortable but I remembered somewhere in my research that tight calves can cause PF. I’m not a runner but I am a walker but I can’t even do that because of pain. I’ve always worn good quality athletic shoes. I don’t wear high heels and never have. Now my IT band hurts and I have lower back pain. Geez it’s frustrating. Anyway I’m starting the calf stretch today but just want to make sure I have the execution and length/ duration correct. Thanks so muc! Reply AngryOrthopod on May 19, 2022 at 8:35 am (Edit) Hey Karen, So sorry for the delayed response. I live on a small farm and spring gets quite busy and of course that makes me angry. As to the protocol, most people start at 3 minutes 3 times a day. It all really depends on if you experience pain and how long you can last. More symptomatic people, or older, infirm folks and those with co-morbid conditions might consider the slower start. When stretching, it needs to be a consistent stretch that is held. Of course one can lift out of the stretch to take a break if needed. Contrary to most of the information out there, shoes and orthotics (this also applies to most all the other goofy treatments) have nothing to do whatsoever with treatment or help with plantar fasciitis. The evidence supports this. Finally, I have no doubts that your IT band and low back pain stem from equinus and/or your compensation to manage your gait with plantar fasciitis. Stretch you calves and all will fall in line. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply AngryOrthopod on May 19, 2022 at 11:30 am (Edit) Hey Karen, So sorry for the delayed response. I live on a small farm and spring gets quite busy and of course that makes me angry. As to the protocol, most people start at 3 minutes 3 times a day. It all really depends on if you experience pain and how long you can last. More symptomatic people, or older, infirm folks and those with co-morbid conditions might consider the slower start. When stretching, it needs to be a consistent stretch that is held. Of course one can lift out of the stretch to take a break if needed. Contrary to most of the information out there, shoes and orthotics (this also applies to most all the other goofy treatments) have nothing to do whatsoever with treatment or help with plantar fasciitis. The evidence supports this. Finally, I have no doubts that your IT band and low back pain stem from equinus and/or your compensation to manage your gait with plantar fasciitis. Stretch your calves and all will fall in line. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply Evelyn on June 17, 2022 at 2:18 am (Edit) Dear AO, I am angry too! My feet are not cooperating. Last Thursday, I work up with a pain under my second toe. When I walked, it felt like there was a marble between the base of my toe and the floor. Whether I sit, stand or walk, it hurts. Didn’t do anything to cause it (except age). Any exercises that would help? X-rays showed I have arthritis in my feet but now they get stiff. I tried on my old Earth shoes (with the negative heel) and they felt good. Don’t want to make my feet worse. What do you think are the pros and cons of negative heels? Lastly, I had a great doctor who had a recipe for “secret sauce” that was a great treatment for toenail fungus. He left private practice (boo hoo) to pursue a new career. I have misplaced the recipe. Do you happen to have one? Thank you! Evelyn Reply aoeditor on June 17, 2022 at 3:53 pm (Edit) Greetings Evelyn, I am going out on a limb here and guess the arthritis is in your midfoot (arch joints). Even creeping farther out on that limb, I would guess you have had plantar fasciitis in the past. Couple that with the “marble” under your second metatarsal head and you have the common denominator I continue to talk about- equinus. Yes, calves that are silently too tight can cause all that and they do. So, the exercise is stretch your calves. Believe it and be patient and you will not be disappointed. To be honest, I do not quite understand mechanically how the earth shoe might help anyone, at least in the short run, but I know it has helped some of my patients. I could see that in the long term a negative heel shoe might stretch the calf, but minimally. Having said that, keep wearing them for short term help. Fungal nails is another mystery, which of course makes me angry. I do not have a secret sauce. Stretch, stretch stretch! Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply Eric on August 22, 2022 at 9:48 pm (Edit) I have plantar fasciitis and have been seeing a PT. He’s been having me do some calf stretching (not your kind, against a wall – a straight leg calf stretch and a bent leg calf stretch), calf raises, and balancing on one leg. The balancing is because he suspects the PF has something to do with over-pronation while running, so the balancing is to have me focus on standing on one leg without my ankle rolling in. These things have been helping but I’ve also started your stretching protocol in addition to these things. My question had to do with the over-pronation I mentioned. When I do your stretch, with the arch on the stair, it feels like I can get a deeper stretch if I let my foot pronate but my instincts tell me I should keep my foot in a more neutral position. Any thoughts on this? Reply Eric on August 30, 2022 at 2:02 pm (Edit) I have plantar fasciitis which a PT suggested may have been caused by over-pronation while running. He prescribed calf stretching against the wall (both straight leg and bent knee stretching) as well as calf raises. He also has me practicing balancing on one foot, focusing on not letting my ankle roll in. I’ve recently started your trying your stretching method as well and I was wondering if it matters whether I let my feet pronate while I stretch. It feels like I can get a better stretch if I pronate a bit while stretching but if my problem does have something to do with over-pronation then I’m wondering if I want to do this stretch with my feet in a more neutral position? Reply aoeditor on August 31, 2022 at 7:37 am (Edit) Hi Eric, Podiatrist and PTs are fixated on pronation, and I do not know why. Generally speaking, flexible flatfeet or pronation is part of our anatomy, some more, some less and some not at all and that can’t be recouped except with surgery, which is silly and dangerous, unless there are significant symptoms (entirely different subject and discussion). Here is the thing, equinus or calves too tight is the primary driver increasing pronation or the forces of pronation. So, definitely stretch those calves, my way. I would focus on just the stair stretch. The soleus, bent knee stretch is a wast eof time and will not address your problem. So, don’t be concerned with pronation while stretching, just let it happen. Furthermore, attempts to force a normal arch, reduce pronation with the balancing or intrinsic strengthening, or other maneuvers is just busy work and will not be of benefit. Keep your eye on just one ball- equinus. You are feeling the stretch and that is where the money is Eric. Keep it simple my friend. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply Eric on September 1, 2022 at 10:32 am (Edit) Thanks for the reply. One more question … my plantar fasciitis showed up after an injury while back squatting. I went down on a back squat and I felt a pain on the outside of my leg a little bit below the knee cap (near the head of the fibula). For a few weeks I couldn’t squat (bodyweight or otherwise) … any time I went below parallel I had pain in that same area on the outside of the knee. Squatting down hurt. Getting up out of chairs hurt. That took about 3 weeks of rest (no squatting, no running) to get better. After that I started running again … my knee was fine but my foot started hurting after running. The pain wasn’t bad at first but it gradually got worse and worse until I decided I needed to go see the PT. Knowing that background info, does that change anything? Would you still point to equinus as my main issue? Reply aoeditor on September 1, 2022 at 12:30 pm (Edit) Eric, First of all, the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is all that is needed to know that equinus is the root cause. Equinus is the only cause, in my opinion. For some reason my colleagues love to make things way more complicated. Pity. That story only makes one more sure that equinus is the problem and calf stretching the solution. Please have a look as to why your “down time” accelerated your equinus and thus your plantar fasciitis. The Gastrocnemius : A New Paradigm for the Human Foot and Ankle Now you got work to do! Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply Rosie on May 1, 2023 at 2:02 am (Edit) April 2021 I developed PF in my left foot. I had never ever had pain like it. I immediately sought advice from a sports massage therapist and she indeed said I had tight calf’s and worked on them for the entire session . She gave me some stretches to do using the stairs , but nothing like the 3 minute stretches .The following week , whilst walking my dogs I fell down a rut in the grass and I felt a pop. The pain was like nothing else. I was in tears. How I got home I don’t know. I was taken to hospital for an X-ray fortunately nothing broken despite huge swelling , I was given crutches and told to ice and rest etc.A couple of weeks later the swelling had subsided and some of the pain , so I started to do little stretches again and went back to my sprouts massage lady.I have no idea what I did , but guessed maybe tore the plantar ???This is when I discovered your blog.I tried to do the stairs , but found it so hard so after more research I found calf rockers. I bought two and also a night splint. Oh my goodness how the rockers made the stretching job easier. I set my timer and religiously did the three minute stretches x 3. Within a few weeks the pain lessoned and I was able to walk the dogs ok. Three months later my pain had dropped from 10 to about 2-3. Each month got easier and apart from odd twinges I felt cured.This is when I became lazy. As the pain was virtually gone I stopped my stretches. I did them occasionally when I thought about it , but not how I should.Fast forward to November 2021. The pain returned to about a 7-8 . Out came the rockers and I resumed the three minute stretches. This time the pain went much quicker.Into 2022. I was moving house and had loads going on and I stupidly stopped the stretches again.I had a whole year with virtually no pain unless I did excess walking etc.Strangely the pain I had was on the top of my foot not the heel or plantar. It felt like I had tightened my laces too much. So Fast forward to April 2023. The plantar fasciitis came back with a vengeance in BOTH feet this time the right foot more than the left. . I was in tears again. Barely able to walk. My rockers had been put in the garage when I moved house. I unearthed them and restarted the stretches. It was so hard this time. It felt like there was no looseness as at. !!So the moral of this story is NEVER EVER stop stretching your calf’s once you’ve had PF.I will never ever stop.I was stupid and admit that. But the stretches do work and I wouldn’t be in this pain and state now if only I had listened more to you. Reply Angry Orthopod on January 18, 2024 at 1:42 pm (Edit) Hi Rosie, Big apologies for such a late response. WordPress decided to stop sending me alerts on comments, and for me , out of sight, out of mind. Needless to say, it made me angry. Better late than never. Just a bit of very important info. I am a Bart’s man. I was a Sr. Registrar orthopaedic surgeon at St. Bart’s in London for 6 months in 1984. Great time, great training. I just hated that folks had to wait so long. I LOVE YOUR STORY!!! Especially your conclusion. You are not alone and definitely not stupid. I am stupid because my wife says I am- she’s always right. The stupid folks are the ones out there searching for every solution, quick and too often costly, that doesn’t work. Why do they not work??? Because these treatments do not address the root cause, equinus. You know that. I hate to be “that guy”, but TOLD Y’ALL so. Rosie, your story is classic. I can’t tell you how many patients over 35 years practicing who recurred many times and finally figured that calf stretching was a life long endeavor for them. Let me finish by giving you and everyone else out there in the AO Nation two more reasons to continue to stretch. First, you are in a category of about 20% who just get tight time after time and in an ideal world require stretching routinely. You found this out thru the school of hard knocks. I do not have a reason for this except that I have seen it too many times and everything seems to lie on a spectrum. My smart wife is in this group. Second, equinus causes 21 other things, so it is a possibility the next time it might be insertional Achilles tendinosis, midfoot arthritis, or posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction or any one of the 22 pathologies attributed to equinus. Rosie, I don’t need to tell you this, but everyone else- pay attention. I have one request, Rosie. If you frequent Facebook, could you get on the Plantar Fasciitis Help and Support group and set those folks straight. I hope you are well and active, if not, well…….I will be angry. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Reply Heidi on March 7, 2024 at 3:44 pm (Edit) So I started your stretching protocol and ended up with wicked hamstring cramps the night after. Did the stretch in the evening. I think it over stretches the sciatic nerve causing problems if a person like me has issues with sciatica and neural tension. Any thoughts on that? Reply AngryOrthopod on March 25, 2024 at 9:43 pm (Edit) Hi Heidi, Now you have made me angry, at least your sciatic nerve has. While I have not encountered this issue, I have no doubts it is likely related to the stretching. No doubt it stretches the hamstrings to some degree, and thus the sciatic nerve could be receiving some friendly fire. I would say slow down on the intensity and the duration to let the sciatic nerve catch up so to speak. One additional thought is a lot of sciatic nerve issues are actually piriformis syndrome. I would encourage you to read up on that and look to YouTube for stretches for piriformis syndrome. I hope this helps. Stay healthy, my friends, AO 
 Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation
Calf Stretching: It’s the AO Way or the Highway (There Are No Back Roads)

I know I consistently promote calf stretching to you all , like here , and here , and even here , but thanks to many of your questions,...

Al, Al, Al…it is time to stop listening to your trainers, your team doc, and aunt Bessie and do the right thing. Here is a call to action to everyone in AngryLand. Somebody please get the word to Big Al and many more big leaguers who have plantar fasciitis, that calf stretching every day is the answer. Pujols was on the IR for plantar fasciitis last season, and I am certain stretching was not part of his solution. Okay, maybe he did just a little bit, which is tantamount to not stretching. Trust me, he did not work on his calves. Now he is out -again- with what sounds very much like second MTP synovitis. These are kissing cousins, and both are a result of the exact same common denominator, the isolated gastrocnemius contracture, AKA equinus. The first problem, plantar fasciitis, was not really fixed, just palliated, and he got better because they treated the usual and the obvious thing, his heel. This is the rule, not the exception. Now with the underlying problem, the isolated gastrocnemius contracture, still present and UNTREATED, he has developed a predictable second MTP synovitis. Small world. Who would have guessed? Well, actually, most would not, especially those treating him. What is really cool is that most of you Angry followers know… More on Albert later. This brings me to one of the many reasons these sorts of problems are misdiagnosed so often, especially for us common folk. This article examines an incorrect terminology heard all too often: injury. When you come to us, healthcare types, please don’t just call them “injuries” unless, of course, it really is an injury. They are acquired overuse syndromes of mechanical imbalance, not injuries- end of discussion. An actual injury is when you have a split second, acute force (blunt force, twisting, bending, hit by a bus, etc.) applied to a body part, and you go down in a heap, yelling "mother fu@#er." Then you limp off, swell, hurt some more, and go to the doctor or your trainer. I see so many patients weekly who have seen one or more docs with a history of an "injury" of some sort. I will have them describe the “injury,” and what I usually almost always get is a very different story. I was playing in a soccer game, or at football practice, or walking in the mall, and I injured my foot (or ankle). Not to be fooled, I then ask, “So, when exactly did the injury occur? How much swelling did you have? Did they have to carry you off the field?” Of course, the answer is no. They say, “I just started to have some pain a week later.” Or something like that. These are not injuries! But that is how almost every patient describes the origin of their presenting problem. Why? Well, it is pretty obvious that musculoskeletal complaints can only result from injuries, right? Wrong! …musculoskeletal complaints can only result from injuries, right? Wrong! These “injuries” are actually acquired overuse syndromes of mechanical imbalance, as I said above. Something remote and likely not detectable is out of whack, imbalanced, and something else takes the brunt. This is way more common than one would think, and probably most true in the foot and ankle. And the likely culprit is the isolated gastrocnemius contracture, at least in the foot and ankle. The reason their problem is misdiagnosed is because the doctor believes them when they say it was an injury, and he/she is likely too busy or lazy to ask the critical follow-up questions. Thus, a wild goose chase starts looking for the wrong thing because they are on the wrong side of the algorithm. Trust me when I say that acute, true injuries are on one side of the algorithm and inflammatory problems of imbalance are on the other side. The two sides are worlds apart. So, Mr. Pujols, please get over to the correct side of the algorithm and stop treating an “injury”, if you want to get better, that is. Start stretching your calves and fix your actual problem.  One More Thing: Trauma vs. Non-Trauma Causation- A Real Story Early in my career, in the late 80s, I was asked to see an acquaintance’s 16-year-old niece for a knee “injury” incurred running track (back when I saw knees occasionally). She had seen another orthopaedic surgeon who obviously heard the word “injury” and took it at face value. Of course, she knows what she is talking about. He examined her and determined that she had a medial collateral ligament partial tear, and no radiograph was obtained; she was braced and sent to physical therapy. However, there was never an injury; it just started one day after track practice, along with some swelling. Her dad, a friend of mine, asked me to see her. I was mowing the lawn and stopped to chat with her. The history I obtained was that she was running as usual and had no twist, fall, or other event, and the knee just started to hurt about a week before I saw her. By just being a bit cynical and more curious, I determined from the history that this was indeed not an injury. Thus, I was now on the correct side of the algorithm, and I suspected some sort of tumor, knowing this is the age and the typical story… An X-ray was obtained showing an obvious lytic bone lesion (bone tumor, Ewing's sarcoma was ultimately determined at biopsy). Ultimately, she was referred to M.D Anderson and was successfully treated by the experts. What if the "injury" history was continued for 6-8 weeks of PT? Nothing good, my friends. Stay healthy my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Albert Pujols, Looking in All the Wrong Places

Al, Al, Al…it is time to stop listening to your trainers, your team doc, and aunt Bessie and do the right thing. Here is a call to action to everyone in AngryLand. Somebody please get the word to Big Al and many more big leaguers who have plantar fasciitis, that calf stretching every day is the answer. Pujols was on the IR for plantar fasciitis last season, and I am certain stretching was not part of his solution. Okay, maybe he did just a little bit, which is tantamount to not stretching....

I received a question on Twitter that I've heard before: Question: "Once the 2nd toe has 'crossed over,' can the stretches help to avoid surgery? Would love to walk barefoot again without pain."

The short answer is yes, but it depends on the source of the pain. The skinny is that the hammer toe and the pain may not be the same thing.

Second MTP synovitis pain is experienced in the ball of the foot. Hammer toe pain is felt on the knuckle (top of PIP joint) sticking up and hitting the top of the shoe. These are clear and different pains. And it does not require an ultrasound or MRI to tell the difference. Just a few questions and a bit of simple exam will do. The problem is we look at the foot, SEE the hammer toe sticking up and maybe crossing over and at the same time feel pain, thus they are the same problem.
 True, true, maybe unrelated. 
Then we see a doc and the offer to fix the “obvious” problem, the hammer toe, is made. Don't get me wrong, hammer toes need to be fixed often, but only when it is are THE PROBLEM.

The problems with this logic, actually lack of logic, are many. The hammer toe often needs no surgery, unless it is the actual source of pain at top of the knuckle. The underlying true problem is all the while missed and never addressed. I have seen my share of patients come in with a surgically corrected straight toe still in pain only because the pain was not addressed by the deformity correction. Accurate aim and shot - wrong target!

Here is the kicker, the original inciting problem, the isolated gastrocnemius contracture can be fixed without surgery thus fixing the actual pain, the second MTP synovitis. Sometimes one must think outside the box.

I think you get it.
 Stay healthy my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Hammer Toe and Your Pain

I received a question on Twitter that I've heard before: Question: "Once the 2nd toe has 'crossed over,' can the stretches help to avoid...

If you have been reading my crap, I mean information on second MTP synovitis you already have a good idea where I am going with this. I have one correction, actually an omission, regarding Part 1. In Part 1 I talked about the notion that the 2nd metatarsal has grown “too long.” Here is another knee slapper, actually even more ridiculous; being told your 2nd metatarsal has “dropped.” Seriously, DROPPED? These two long held reasons, actually myths, for problems related to the 2nd metatarsal, plantar callosities and second MTP synovitis, are short sighted and demonstrate a total lack of biomechanical understanding. To quote my favorite online quip from the Musings of a Dinosaur, Rule number 10. Law 10: A bad idea held by many people for a long time is still an bad idea So let’s just get this straight for the sake of a crystal clear understanding, the 2nd metatarsal does not change in time. It does not grow longer and it does not drop, period. The calf does change over time. The isolated gastrocnemius contracture is the underlying problem, and the only underlying problem, causing second MTP synovitis, which eventually leads to 2nd hammertoe and more eventually to a 2nd MTP joint dislocation. BOOM! Another scoop, I called it! I know what you are thinking and before you get going, hear me out. So, let’s take this on step by step. As we age, the majority of us experience a gradual tightening of our calves: the isolated gastrocnemius contracture. It is almost always unnoticeable, so you are unaware it is there or that it is causing a problem. Over time the isolated gastrocnemius contracture will produce cumulative damage to your foot and ankle in many areas and many ways. Because of this calf tightness, the amount of pressure born on the front of your foot, the metatarsal heads or ball of your foot, increases. All the while our forefoot anatomy has not changed, such as the magical growing or dropped 2nd metatarsal. The statement “Your 2nd metatarsal has dropped” has always cracked me up and at the same time gotten a lot of patients in trouble. The 2nd metatarsal has not changed one bit. What it is is well known to be the longest and the stiffest metatarsal (due to the “Keystone effect”) of the five in the great majority of humans. We were born this way and this anatomy does not change. You had this exact same foot and anatomy 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 17 and more prime number of years ago. The only thing that has changed is the isolated gastrocnemius contracture creeping up on us. No doubt a few of us were born with a truly extra long second metatarsal and that could be part of the problem, but I ask you, "Was it a problem 10 years ago when you were 46 years old?" Probably not. So, if there is going to be more pressure born to the metatarsal region because of the isolated gastrocnemius contracture it will be focused on the 2nd metatarsal head because of our natural anatomy. Step after step the pressure focused on this one poor innocent bystander, the 2nd metatarsal head, creates damage to the second MTP joint. You could say the 2nd MT is a victim of circumstances. WAIT FOR IT. Then comes the pain and usually swelling along with the painful ball or lump feeling on the bottom of the foot. BTW, one will never experience actual swelling with a Morton’s neuroma. A kissing cousin, a metatarsal stress fracture, far and away most common in the 2nd metatarsal (any guesses why the 2nd is most common? Hint: it is not a “dropped” 2nd metatarsal) is characteristically pain and swelling is exclusively on the top of the foot. But I digress. The 2nd MTP joint capsule and synovium (joint lining whose purpose is to make joint fluid providing nutrients for the cartilage) becomes angry and inflamed trying to solve the problem of the repetitive trauma and there is excessive joint fluid produced. This is exactly what our bodies are supposed to do when stressed in this manner. This is the inflammatory response and is a good thing unless the underlying mechanical problem is not corrected, then it becomes a chronic inflammation and the damage continues.. The joint becomes distended much like blowing up a balloon and as a result the structural support system becomes stretched out. This includes the collateral ligaments and the plantar plate. Left unattended, voilà, you have a hammer toe. Wait longer and you will get to experience that mysterious dislocation syndrome. Just in case you need additional help with this concept watch my animation of how you get an acquired second hammer toe: This is not trauma, or some random mysterious inflammation, or an isolated plantar plate rupture, and it's definitely not a dropped second metatarsal. You can’t avoid getting older, but you can treat this problem once established, or better yet, you can prevent it by stretching your calves. It’s your choice, symptomatically treat your foot or fix the problem and stretch your calves. Stay healthy my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Plantar plate repairs and the pre-dislocation syndrome: what the f$@% (Part 2)

If you have been reading my crap, I mean information on second MTP synovitis you already have a good idea where I am going with this. I...

God bless the Beverly Hillbillies. Doubtlessly one of the best scenes depicting their countryfied ignorance was when the doorbell would ring and Jethro would say to Jed, “Uncle Jed, there goes that bell again, next thing you know someone’s gonna come a-knockin' at the door.” Classic! Well, the way my colleagues, both fellowship trained foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons and my step brothers, podiatrists, are approaching the spectrum of 2nd MTP synovitis, eventual hammertoe formation, and even more eventual second MTP dislocation is really no different than Jethro and Jed on the doorbell. Most everyone is waiting for the knock at the door because they don’t know what the doorbell is about. Not a clue! They are waiting way too long to deal with this problem, but they don’t know it. Pity…for you. In the case of foot and ankle orthopods, they at least are not waiting until the MTP joint dislocates. Currently, most of us have gone on a rampage of doing a Weil osteotomy combined with repair of plantar plate ruptures, the precursor to dislocation and part of a hammertoe. In fact, there are whole systems developed by both Smith & Nephew, and Arthrex to name two for just this purpose. All I have to say about these innovations is “If you build it they will come.” The “pre-dislocation syndrome,” a term used by many, is full of mystery and intrigue. How would one pose this concept to a patient anyway? The doctor says to the patient: “The pain, swelling, and hammertoe you have is called pre-dislocation syndrome. We don’t know what it is or what caused it (which means we don’t know how to treat it), but we do know what will eventually happen, your toe is going to dislocate.” Speaking of letting the cat out of the bag. Here is another favorite line I hear way too often from my patients: “They told me the reason for my problem is that my 2nd metatarsal has grown too long, so it has to be shortened.” And this is said with a straight face. Seriously, a 2nd metatarsal that has grown too long? Believe me when I say something has changed to force this situation, but it is definitely not the magical growth of one's 2nd metatarsal metatarsal. By the way, the podiatrists have gotten fully on board and are performing these procedures with reckless abandon. Everybody is joining in on the party. But I will say they are much more in tune with the damaging effects of equinus. The orthopaedic surgeons...not so much. …letting the cat out of the bag. Unfortunately, this whole issue is where medicine and technology goes haywire all too often today. Systems and techniques like this are developed mostly because we can. They seem like a good idea on paper. But do they really work? In our profession, these same docs continually yell out the mantra “where’s the evidence?” Well, I’m going to call them on this one and say, “where’s your evidence?” That would be a big Blutarsky, zero-point-zero. If and when the evidence comes forth it will be mostly about semi-straight toes and little about patient satisfaction or problem resolution. …where’s your evidence  I would estimate that in excess of 1000 of these reconstructive procedures are being done every day in the U.S…based on nothing. I am also going to go out on a limb and say this concept is doomed and in time will not be the answer. That is if we ever get any clinical evidence to tell us how they are doing. So all the while we will continue to merrily cut away…until we find out it was not a good idea. “Okay, Mr. AO smarty pants, what is the reason we develop 2nd MTP synovitis and a hammertoe?” Stay tuned while I think about it and I will be back with an answer in a few days. Stay healthy my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Plantar plate repairs & the pre-dislocation syndrome: what the f$@% (Part 1)

God bless the Beverly Hillbillies. Doubtlessly one of the best scenes depicting their countryfied ignorance was when the doorbell would...

Click here to see what we discussed in Part 1. The science backing plantar fascial stretching (PFS) is not convincing to say the least. So, how about a little common sense if you're not convinced yet. Let’s make the isolated gastrocnemius contracture and calf stretching sexy, what do you say? First, let’s examine the act of PFS. It is not easy to do and requires one to be barefoot and sitting. Awkward! Yet, calf stretching is so easy to do: anywhere, anytime, and done with your shoes on. Pure collagenous structures like the plantar fascia and the Achilles tendon really don’t stretch much, if any. Let me be even more clear, they don’t stretch unless we use a knife.  Certainly they do not “move” compared to muscle and it’s surrounding weaker, less substantial connective/collagenous tissue. Spending ones time stretching the plantar fascia is like moving a mountain. But I digress. The plantar fascia is not even the problem, so even if one could stretch it, why do it? Here are two repeatable and simple daily occurrences that show the plantar fascia being tight is not the problem, thus PFS is misguided. "So much of what we do everyday is habit based on what we saw someone do or what we were told to do." Why does wearing higher heels (yes, I said higher, not high) like Dansko’s or mild wedges, so often give temporary relief?  Go ahead, be honest, release your guilt and admit that these type shoes feel better. I know that you have been categorically told to never wear those shoes and wear flats/supportive shoes, but that does not make it right. So much of what we do everyday is habit based on what we saw someone do or what we were told to do. But could this ‘any heel is bad’ concept be wrong? Damn right it could be. Go ahead and wear those higher heels if you want, they just might make you feel better. Dudes, you can wear cowboy boots. One would think that the windlass effect in the foot would place the plantar fascia under an acute, increased tensile strain and incite immediate pain, not relief, with the use of any heel. This would happen because the toes are dorsiflexed (raised up), which places more tension on the plantar fascia. Look it up! What higher heels actually do is immediately relax the gastrocnemius a bit, which in turn reduces the linked tension on the plantar fascia. If someone has a better explanation, bring it. 2. Have you ever noticed the diagrams of the foot and the tearing and the inflammatory "fire" representing plantar fasciitis. They always show the heel up in the air near toe-off when the toes are dorsiflexed and the plantar fascia is under maximal strain or tension. OUCH! See! It’s so obvious, yet so utterly wrong., LOOK IT UP! This is where misperception and urban myth run amuck. The plantar fasciitis pain experienced during walking gait is not when your heel strikes the ground and it is definitely not after the heel raises and the toes roll up as you toe-off. The pain is always experienced at a precise time in the gait cycle giving the characteristic shortened gait of plantar fasciitis, as well as many other problems that result from an isolated gastrocnemius contracture. It is the brief time just before the heel raises, not after. This is because the gastrocnemius reaches its length limit and runs out of room and the stride is shortened to subconsciously avoid the pain produced as the plantar fascia comes under intense tension over a very short time. This is also why going downstairs and walking uphill is routinely more difficult: these activities require more ankle dorsiflexion. The evidence abounds and is growing everyday as to the association between the isolated gastrocnemius contracture/equinus and plantar fasciitis as well as many other foot and ankle problems. Why do we (doctors, patients, physical therapists. trainers, etc.) categorically deny what is right there in front of us? The literature is finally catching up to this fact. Just sit back and watch over the next 5-10 years as the powerful, damaging effects that the isolated gastrocnemius contracture exerts upon the human foot and ankle becomes common knowledge.  Who knows, calf stretching might even rise to sexy status. Keep moving, my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
Why I Don't Promote Plantar Fascia Stretching- (Part 2)

Click here to see what we discussed in Part 1 . The science backing plantar fascial stretching (PFS) is not convincing to say the least....

Plantar fascial stretching for plantar fasciitis is the rage, but it’s not effective. Here is why! (Part 1 of 2) 
Plantar fascial stretching (PFS) is definitely hot right now. It is all over the internet. In fact, it has attained sexy status. People want to talk about it almost as much as they want to talk about their orthotics.  What a shame, because PFS (and orthotics for that matter) does little, if anything, at least to fix the real problem that needs fixing. To be clear, if you are pinning your hopes on PFS you are likely wasting your time. I am not saying you will not improve, I am saying your PF may improve, but only by luck. This is blasphemy no doubt,(for who would question something that has attained sexy status), but hear me out.
 "Plantar fascial stretching…has attained sexy status" 
Let’s first examine why PFS might have some success, because it does. PFS also stretches, albeit poorly, your soleus (but not much of your gastrocnemius) at the same time. So PFS might inadvertently do a little bit of good where it counts, but it is serendipitous and collateral at best. 

I am not saying that PFS is bad, because it is not. What I am saying is you are putting your eggs in the wrong basket especially if that is all you are doing. If you are going to spend time and effort solving your plantar fasciitis use that valuable time aimed at the correct target.

 PFS is untenable for several good reasons. Foremost, as I stated above, PFS does not even address the underlying cause of plantar fasciitis: an isolated gastrocnemius contracture. I can’t state it any more direct or simple than this. "PFS does not even address the underlying cause of plantar fasciitis: an isolated gastrocnemius contracture" 
Let’s examine the two articles that put PFS on the map. These originating PFS works were published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery in two successive parts in 2003 and 2006. While these well intentioned studies basically attained Level I status, they were not well designed or executed.  There were significant protocol inequities and bias towards the PFS group. For instance Group A, doing the PFS, was instructed to perform their PFS exercises prior to getting out of bed, while Group B, doing the Achilles stretching, were to stretch “sometime” after getting out of bed. The timing of the stretching in the two groups does not seem like a big difference until one looks at the significant data.  While the two groups were basically equivalent as to overall results (which is the goal, right?), including overall pain reduction and quality of life, the most significant differences were found in reduction of pain experienced upon the first few steps out of bed in the morning. Go figure that the most striking claim and difference between the two groups was that Group A experienced significant reduction of pain arising out of bed first thing in the morning just after they had stretched their plantar fascia (and their calves a bit also).

  In the second edition of this two part series in 2006 these authors unwittingly fessed up to an addition to the PFS Group A protocol that was omitted from the 2003 article. “The patients were instructed to follow the assigned protocol three times per day, and those in the plantar fascia-stretching group were encouraged to perform it prior to any weight-bearing.” This means they were doing the PFS potentially many more times per day, while Group B did not perform any additional calf stretches. Folks, this is a serious bias, but it is Evidence Based Medicine!

In their 2 year follow-up article in 2006 the bias continued. Basically they took Group B, deemed to be a failure, stopped the Achilles stretching, and started PFS. Yet no reciprocal longitudinal study was done and in neither study was there any control group. The two groups converged somehow showing that PFS still triumphs. Interestingly, David Porter’s 2002 Level I study in Foot and Ankle International “The Effects of Duration and Frequency of Achilles Tendon Stretching on Dorsiflexion and Outcome in Painful Heel Syndrome: A Randomized, Blinded, Control Study” was left off the references on both JBJS articles as well as many other articles.

In the end, Groups A and B where not actually statistically different, yet we are enamored by PFS regardless. Did anyone actually read these two articles or did we just look at the pictures? Just because something is popular or sexy does not mean it is true, which brings me to the next point.

The very same senior author promoting PFS finally saw the light in 2011 publishing again in JBJS “Association Between Plantar Fasciitis and Isolated Contracture of the Gastrocnemius”. The association of the isolated gastrocnemius contracture and plantar fasciitis is given it’s due by the very same author who denounced Achilles (gastrocnemius) tendon stretching as ineffective when compared to PFS in 2003 and 2006. Please, make up your mind.

Check back Tuesday, April 28th for Part 2 of this article.

 Keep moving, my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Why I Don’t Promote Plantar Fascial Stretching (Part 1)

Plantar fascial stretching for plantar fasciitis is the rage, but it’s not effective. Here is why! (Part 1 of 2) Plantar fascial...

A couple of years ago in our clinic, a rotating 29-year-old female orthopaedic resident started to present a new patient to me out in the hall, and before she could get much out, I interrupted her and said, "Let me guess, a 56-year-old female?". She reacted a bit like I was patient profiling, which I was, making such a bold statement with little if any, information. She responded as politely as possible in her heavy Tennessee accent, "Now, Dr. AO, how can you say something like that?". "Because I am probably right," I responded. She then had to reluctantly admit that the patient on the other side of that door was indeed a 55-year-old female. "...in her heavy Tennessee accent 'now Dr. AO, how can you say something like that?''  Fast forward, after this same resident has been around for a couple of weeks in my world and back in the same hallway with another new patient. I ask, "What do you have?" referring to the patient on the other side of the door. She responded with a resigning attitude, "Another 56-year-old female!". BOOM, told ya!  The scientific evidence has existed for years and is mounting by the day that the isolated gastrocnemius contracture (AKA, equinus) is here, and it is real, and it is causing the majority of non-traumatic acquired foot and ankle pathology we see. This is the very thing I have promoted for all 30 years of my practice as well as on this site. But I digress. Back to the 56-year-old. Not to sound creepy, but I could make and sustain a busy orthopaedic practice by seeing only women in their fifties and sixties. Why? Around our mid twenties and increasingly thereafter is when the cumulative effects of long-standing and increasing isolated gastrocnemius contractures start to become noticeable and symptomatic in many forms, more in women than men, in general. And 56 seems to be the perfect age. The two most common problems I see in the 56 year-old female, without question, are second MTP synovitis and midfoot arthritis. Other problems in all ages resulting from an isolated gastrocnemius contracture, and in general, are start-up pain and stiffness, plantar fasciitis, Sever's disease, shin splints, posterior tibialis tendon rupture (PTTR) acquired flatfoot deformity, second MTP synovitis which leads to plantar plate rupture and ultimately a hammer toe, Morton's neuroma, insertional Achilles tendinosis/Haglund's deformity, Achilles tendinitis, musculotendinous Achilles ruptures, calf cramps at night/Charley horse, anterior ankle spurs, Jones/Fifth MT stress fracture, diabetic Charcot arthropathy, diabetic malperforans ulcer formation, and lesser metatarsal stress fractures. Here is the problem. People, including the majority of my doctor colleagues, either don't know or don't believe or don't care if they do know, even though the evidence is there and is solid. It is too bad because the secondary foot or ankle problem naturally becomes the focus of treatment, which might make a person feel somewhat better, but it will not fix the primary problem, the isolated gastrocnemius contracture. Ever wonder why plantar fasciitis seems to just linger on or mysteriously returns when you have "tried everything"? Let me be clear on the next point: WE ARE TREATING THE WRONG THING. And it is wasting loads of money and time for all of you out there suffering. No wonder there are so many lost souls out there searching in Facebook Groups.  “WE ARE TREATING THE WRONG THING” On a final note, of my few colleagues who get that the isolated gastrocnemius contracture is the problem, want to guess what their solution is?  Surgery to lengthen the Achilles or the gastrocnemius, of course. Don’t get me wrong, I surgically lengthen the gastrocnemius as well, but only after clear-cut failure of dedicated daily gastrocnemius stretching, which works just fine almost always. Why would somebody take on the expense and obvious risk of any surgery when it can be avoided in most cases? All it takes is ONE simple exercise, daily calf stretching, and some patience. This is for all you lovely 56-year-olds. I love ya.  Now stretch! Be a believer, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
The 56 Year Old Female

A couple of years ago in our clinic, a rotating 29-year-old female orthopaedic resident started to present a new patient to me out in the...

Here is the question that must be asked. Where is all this new money coming from? The Answer: The money is coming from all the employed physicians FACILITY FEES charged by their employers! And the docs are oblivious to it happy they are making more money. The hospital systems perpetrating this power play are capitalizing on a longstanding crevice in the system, but this one is actually the size of Grand Canyon that is wildly increasing their profit. And this loophole is costing all of us except for the beloved non-profit hospital systems. In fact, they are making out like never before, but they don’t want you to know about it. Non profit has the ring of “we are on your side”, and we protect the little people who can’t take care of themselves. In most cases this non-profit concept might actually be true, but not in the case of the non-profit hospital employers. Everyone, especially you, gets screwed except for these longstanding institutions. Even the docs are getting screwed, they just don’t know it…yet. Forget the ACO (Accountable Care Organization) implemented by Obamacare as the singular source of all these shenanigans. What I am talking about is across the board blatant greed. I want everyone of you to ponder this as long as it takes for the truth to settle in, because it needs to settle in loud and clear for all our sake. With me so far? It gets SO much better and once you get it-you need to get mad as hell. FINALLY, I GET TO THE POINT. WHEW! Makes me sort of angry it took so long. So here is a simplified example of how it works. Today I see you in my private practice and I charge you for a simple visit ($100) and a set of X-rays ($50). The insurance company will pay me, after adjustments, etc., $60 for the visit and $35 for the X-rays. That is the entire charge, no additional “facility fees” or other random charges. Please keep in mind the numbers I use here are very rough and for demonstration purposes only, but close enough.  Next week I become a hospital employee – smarter, wiser, happier, richer – and  I work out of the exact same office where I just saw you, however now i am working out of a facility because I am employed, right? Magic! Now my salary has doubled because my loving, caring, big brother hospital will pay me more because I am important to them and their benevolent cause. But how can they pay me double, build all these new buildings, and do all their advertising and competing? Get ready because here it comes. The increased revenue is not because there is more business or more effective billing practices as they would have you believe. Nope!  It’s because of facility fees charged for employed doctor office visits as well as other services. Price gouging comes to mind. Now, as a hospital employee I see you in my facility office (again, same digs) and I charge you for the same visit ($100). However, the X-ray charge, now a hospital ancillary service, and other things I charge for can be as much as 2 to 5 fold increase. In addition, you are likely to get stuck with an additional “facility” usage fee amounting to hundreds of dollars to pay for the overhead. In other words, you have to pay a lot extra now for breathing the air and walking on the floor of the “facility”. It is no different than operating room or emergency room fees. And believe me, we all pay for it. Looking at in my typical cynical , irritated way you are paying more for less. Now a ~$150 visit is up around $500-750, and the visit is rushed and you get less time. Poor "quality" and less value. Here's the thing. Your insurance, the third part payer, for some strange reason pays without batting an eye. You are mostly unaware and all is well. I almost coughed up a hairball. “The root of these increases are controversial charges known as “facility fees,” …. routinely tacked on to patients’ bills….because they’ve [physicians practices] been purchased by hospital-based health care systems.” Fred Schulte of The Center for Public Integrity wrote it brilliantly, “One family accustomed to paying about $120 in out-of-pocket costs for doctor visits and other medical services was outraged when they ended up forking over more than $1,000 for similar visits, Mullin [Senator Kevin Mullin, VT] said, mostly for seeing doctors whose practices had been bought out by a local hospital.” Furthermore he wrote “The panel noted that hospitals buying up medical practices in recent years have been tacking on facility fees that increase the patient’s bill even when the doctor is working from the very same office.” See, I didn’t make this stuff up?! By one estimate, under its current reimbursement system, Medicare is paying in excess of a billion dollars a year more for the same services because hospitals, citing higher overall costs, can charge more when the doctors work for them.  With the rapid migration of doctors from private practice to hospital employment, the percentage of outpatient visits eligible for facility fees is soaring. More employed docs, more facility fees, more money. Here is the thing: the facility fees charged for these doctor visits have been possible since 2000, but they are NEW because the more recent implementation of the ACO and hospitals luring these docs in like a dog chasing the rabbit at the dog track. Just to make sure this point is clear, this is a completely new and extra source of revenue for these hospital systems and as McDonalds says, sort of, "They're lovin' it".. To be fair I must look at the other side of the argument. What is the hospitals excuse for all these new charges? Schulte wrote “The American Hospital Association argues that phasing out the payments “threatens patient access to care.” The group said that hospitals tend to treat “sicker, more complex patients” and are better equipped than doctors’ offices and should be paid more.” These same hospitals were doing quite well before they discovered the physician based facility fee Holy Grail; they are just making a lot more now. All the while their expenses really never changed. How do you feel about paying for luggage when you fly? Facility fees for doctor office visits are no different. Drip, drip, drip, gas lighting hospital style. Currently the battle to help control these facility fees is waged in the form of “transparency”. What great political wordsmith; transparency. The ACO’s are increasingly being forced to inform the patient/consumer up front about the facility fee for an office visit that has never existed before. Now there is a novel concept. Connecticut HB 5337 was passed this past spring with pressure brought by CT Attorney General George Jepsen. It will be implemented into law October 1, 2014.  At least this is a start.  Alas!  In the end there may be justice. The US Office of the Inspector General (OIG) is on to this facility charge shell game and when the off-campus facility fees are stopped, Katy bar the door, because the exodus of these employed physicians will be like yelling fire in a theater. In the words of Jeff Foxworthy, it will be pandelerium. Doctors will be patted on the back and told to move on to life’s work just as end-of-career professional athletes are told to do when their usefulness has ended. They might be wandering around the streets pondering what just happened with no place to go. Everybody looses except for the hospital systems! Finally, Dr. Scott Gottlieb painted a very grime future for my colleagues, and ultimately you, in Forbes in 2013, “If these new doctor-hospital marriages fail again, then this time around the doctors may not been able to go back to what they were doing. They will be financially stuck in these relationships. They will be unable to even raise the capital to re-start their own offices. They may have trouble getting bank loans…………The doctors will get squeezed but the real misfortunate will befall patients. We will increasingly be getting our medical care out of busy, hospital-run clinics. Our doctors will be salaried employees, more beholden to the rules that hospitals erect to manage their activities than the medical practices that they once owned.” Just sayin'. Stay healthy, my friends, AO Gottlieb Forbes http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/05/should-doctors-work-for-hospitals/371638/ http://www.wakehealth.edu/outpatient-clinics/ http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2014/08/how-the-affordable-care-act-fuels-health-care-market-consolidation http://www.ctnewsjunkie.com/archives/entry/attorney_generals_report_on_hospital_facility_fees_encourages_legislative_a/ http://www.publicintegrity.org/2012/12/20/11978/hospital-facility-fees-boosting-medical-bills-and-not-just-hospital-care https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtwPS4X41r4 http://www.cga.ct.gov/2014/SUM/2014SUM00145-R01HB-05337-SUM.htm http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1101959 http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/what-big-medicine-means-for-doctors-and-patients/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/business/a-hospital-war-reflects-a-tightening-bind-for-doctors-nationwide.html?pagewanted=all http://www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/x/205782/Healthcare/8+Key+Issues+For+Hospitals+And+Health+Systems+2013 Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Employed Physicians and facility fees: I’m as mad as hell and I’m not going to take this anymore. Part 2

Here is the question that must be asked. Where is all this new money coming from? The Answer: The money is coming from all the employed...

Every weekday I drive down a 13 mile stretch of interstate to get to my office right next to my hospital, or should I say facility. Over the last couple of years I couldn’t help but notice during my drive to work that of the seven new building construction projects, cranes and all, six are hospital facilities. These include physician offices, smaller satellite hospitals and a couple of other random medical erections. This all started as we were coming out of the housing crisis “recession” and virtually no other construction was underway (written in 2014).  So I started to think, which can be dangerous for all involved, “what the heck is going on here? Why, all of a sudden, are the hospitals building so much? (when nobody else is)”.  “Why, all of a sudden, are the hospitals building so much?” Here is what I discovered, and you are not going to like it. And, I am not the only one talking about it. The new really big thing in medicine, and I mean really big, is the migration, actually stampede of physicians to become employed or should I say slaughtered.  Nobody is really paying much attention to this altruistic movement….move on, there’s nothing to see here. Just in case some of you have not picked up on MY finer points, I am actually a patient advocate, not a doctor or medical field or pharma advocate.  While I am angry most of the time at what happens to you, the patient, concerning the mysterious ways of the medical field, now I am down right PISSED OFF, as you will be as soon as you read on. And for the record I am not and never will be employed. The employed docs are happier because they get paid more for basically the same amount of work; however they won’t ever tell you that.  What they will tell you is that they like the reduced stress of less paperwork and administrative headache of private practice and they can just sit back and take care of patients. Let’s just say that explanation would be only half truth.  Most of us docs are very sincere about the taking care of patients, however the bureaucratic, paper pushing, head in the EMR computer screen, go to meeting commitments are far worse being employed, not to mention rushing patients through everyday on a corporate quota based time schedule. Then just wait till your contract is up for renegotiation. Too f*****g bad, you made your bed. That’s what you get mixing medicine and business.  But what the heck, they are making more money as long as they play the game. It’s all good.    Increasingly, physicians find themselves working for individuals that have never trained in the health professions or cared for the sick. Patients think it is good because they are getting that connected, team approach to their medical care.  Hells bells, its just like the Cleveland Clinic or the Mayo Clinic right in your own backyard.  It is all good for you until you actually try to use it and you get the bill. Your local, contrived medical systems popping up around you are about as coordinated as my golf swing.  You are the consumer, so just ask yourself as you encounter these new systems: are they really better?  Are you getting more attention?  Are you getting more time?  Is the care improved over the dreaded “private practice”, non-employed doctors-you know, the old way? After all, the "system" exists for you, right?   But wait, there’s more. These employment systems are presenting non-employed physicians as inferior. Their employed physicians are the same docs who were in private practice just a year ago, heck, a week ago. Somehow being employed as a physician must magically increase our IQ and medical acumen by some measure and by default makes us better doctors. Then there are the actual bad guys, the non-profit hospital systems (75% of non-government  hospital facilities are non-profit) engineering this power play by generously snatching up all these poor docs and providing all this quality care. What a bunch of good samaritans. What a bunch of crap. Three-card monte comes to mind. Why are these bureaucratic, non-tax paying, conglomerate hospital systems gaming the system?  Cuz they can! Here is the question that must be asked. Where is all this new construction money coming from? Stay tuned for Part 2. Keep moving, my friends, AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Employed Physicians and facility fees: I’m as mad as hell and I’m not going to take this anymore. Part 1 

Every weekday I drive down a 13 mile stretch of interstate to get to my office right next to my hospital, or should I say facility. Over...

This is the big picture on inflammation, orthopedic inflammation that is. 
Many, actually most orthopaedic non-trauma related inflammatory issues are mechanical problems first that create a normal inflammatory response. You might not be getting better because you are treating the wrong thing, the inflammation, and not the underlying mechanical cause which is unknown, undetected or being ignored.
 Fix the mechanical problem and you fix the inflammation 
This is where inflammation gets its bad name. If the inflammatory response is allowed to be recycled over and over as a result of recurring mechanical micro-trauma, then you develop an “itis”, which can result in annoying to debilitating problems and pain. These are the problems that can be elusive in diagnosis and often seem impossible to solve. They are definitely quality of life changers. This is often and generically referred to as chronic inflammation. These are the ones that your doc or a friend or Google or Facebook groups keeps recommending treatment after different treatment and they don't work- there is no improvement.

Just like in Groundhog Day, you keep waking up to the same problem day after day. Of course there are identifiable, known abnormal types of external mechanical forces or repetitive movements that cause inflammation. We call this "overuse syndrome". This can be seen in the typist who develops carpal tunnel syndrome or the tennis player with a poor backhand stroke who develops tennis elbow or the runner logging way too many miles per week who develops knee pain. With overuse syndromes we treat the inflammation to palliate the pain and we “shut down”, or modify, the “overuse” activity (the cause) and the problem usually resolves.

Then there is the inflammatory response to osteoarthritis or “wear and tear” type arthritis. This is a case where the underlying problem, the joint cartilage damage, is irreversible and the inflammation will typically get worse. Until surgery is required, treat the inflammation!

What about inflammatory problems that result from mechanical imbalance issues that are subtle and not readily apparent?
 The problem is your doctor
 I am talking about issues like tendinitis and bursitis that just won’t go away seemingly no matter what we do. These are the problems that we doctors far too often do not know or don’t care to ask the question “what is the underlying root cause that is creating this inflammation?” Inflammation does not just appear by magic! For example, elbow problems (ulnar collateral ligament) in MLB pitchers are due to acceleration issues in pitchers attempting to retain their pitch speed. Is this all there is to it,  just some dude trying to throw harder, or is it a compensation resulting from poor shoulder mechanics or even lower extremity mechanics as the source of velocity loss? Fix the real problem causing the compensation--the shoulder—and the elbow at least has a chance to fix itself or be prevented. Cause and effect! Let it go too long, treating only the elbow, and the result will be Tommy John surgery. This kind of subtle mechanical imbalance is where your physical therapist and athletic trainers are particularly valuable. Sure, they manipulate, massage, crank, and dig on our bodies to great effect, but their skill in knowing and detecting the subtle remote, seemingly unrelated mechanical imbalances is where they really shine. Determine the cause and you can effectively solve the resulting problem or the “-itis”. Really!

This is where we docs can screw it up. The primary cause is not known or detected, so we “blindly” treat only the end result or inflammation. The "problem" exactly where you are pointing. And this happens all too often. We can make you feel better by treating the inflammation (with ice, rest, NSAIDS, etc), at least for a while. However, the inflammatory process rages on because the primary, root cause problem is not addressed. Now you have the orthopaedic version of Groundhog Day. Only treat the inflammation and you will usually lose.

The next time you are told you have a chronic inflammatory problem, such as lower back pain, Achilles tendinitis, greater trochanteric bursitis, etc., ask yourself, ask your doctor, or, maybe best, ask your trainer or PT what the hell is really going on here. Just make sure you listen.
 Maybe the problem is you 
Sorry to point this out, but you are often part of the problem. Here is the thing, we might know the underlying cause, but it is not so readily apparent to you. And you might not like the answer because, after all, you’ve got a serious problem that we fail to fully comprehend, and in today’s instant gratification society you just want us to make it go away so you can move on. You coerce and beg for more. Go ahead and symptomatically treat the inflammation with NSAIDs, injections, immobilization, rest, etc, so you can feel better now. But don’t stop there, especially when you’re feeling good, because your real problem is not gone.

Here is my recurring problem. The gradual, somewhat inevitable tightening of the calf is THE singular cause of greater then twenty problems in the foot and ankle, the majority of patients who come to see me. To name a few, these would include plantar fasciitis, Sever’s disease, insertional Achilles tendinosis (Haglund’s), night calf cramps, Charcot midfoot arthropathy, 2nd MTP synovitis and subsequent hammertoe formation, and posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction. Lengthen the calf by surgical means, or better yet, lengthen the calf by stretching and these problems are solved because the “unknown” mechanical problem is reversed. Stretching calves is not sexy and it takes time and effort, but it works!

So, here is my point. When we tell you to stretch your calves to fix your plantar fasciitis or strengthen your core for your back pain or to strengthen you shoulder external rotators to fix your shoulder impingement, listen and do it. No matter how illogical or disconnected the exercise might appear, it might be just that simple and it might be all you need to do to solve your real problem at the source: your bad mechanics. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
The Bad Rap on Inflammation- Part 2: The Orthopaedic Groundhog Day

This is the big picture on inflammation, orthopedic inflammation that is. Many, actually most orthopaedic non-trauma related inflammatory...

Somewhere along the way the term inflammation got a bad name. Inflammation can’t be good, right? At least this is what most people think. Inflammation is actually an essential part of every reparative process. It is how our bodies heal and fight back. It is how we recover from trauma, surgery (organized trauma), cuts, broken bones, infections, etc. Inflammation is a good thing. You have to admit that when you hear the word “inflammation” you think bad thoughts. “Oh God, did I hear you say I have inflammation?” Next time you hear this, stop and be grateful that your body orchestrates such a beautiful response to all the abuses we bring upon it! Generally speaking, when the inflammatory process is pressed into action and it is permitted to "fix" the insult (cut, blunt trauma, sprain, etc.), things get repaired and your boo boo gets better: problem solved and you move on. Click here for more inflammation information Not all inflammatory responses are created equal That said, too little or too much inflammatory response can be a bad thing, indeed. Here are a few examples. 1) If you don't mount an effective inflammatory response when needed, you are potentially at risk of more serious consequences. Just ask anyone who is or has been on chemotherapy, or anyone with an immune deficiency disorder such as advanced AIDS. This is really scary stuff indeed. 2) On the other hand there are plenty of very ugly disorders, e.g. autoimmune diseases, where our bodies over do the inflammatory response and our immune system attacks the host (us): rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn’s disease to name just a couple. 3) Let’s not forget the normal inflammatory response that accompanies a viral or bacterial infection or one traumatic event. Did you know that most of the symptoms, such as fever, malaise, muscle aches, etc., that you encounter when you have an infection, a cold or the flu are a direct result of the inflammatory response, not the infection itself? This is a good and necessary response to have, but it is what creates the symptoms. It also fixes the problem. This is what we would call acute inflammation. So, what am I all angry about now? When it comes to those athletic or mechanical type inflammatory orthopaedic problems like plantar fasciitis or Achilles tendinitis, your doctor may be treating the WRONG thing. Stay tuned for part 2, to find out more and the Orthopaedic Groundhog Day. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
The Bad Rap on Inflammation- Part 1

Somewhere along the way the term inflammation got a bad name. Inflammation can’t be good, right? At least this is what most people think. Inflammation is actually an essential part of every reparative process. It is how our bodies heal and fight back. It is how we recover from trauma, surgery (organized trauma), cuts, broken bones, infections, etc. Inflammation is a good thing. You have to admit that when you hear the word “inflammation” you think bad thoughts. “Oh God, did I hear you say I...

Anecdotal evidence is alive and well!
 As a disclaimer, I am all for refereed medical research striving to reach the correct answers so that we can all live healthier and more fulfilling lives. As to qualifications, I am constantly in an academic environment where I am closely associated with a university in town teaching residents who rotate with me every day, year-round. Anecdotal evidence of any kind is routinely denounced by the “purists”. This is why you are wrong. This is my vote for allowing a bit of anecdotal evidence to be tolerated.
 anecdotal (anikˈdōtl) adjective
(of an account) not necessarily true or reliable, because based on personal accounts rather than facts or research. 

TRANSLATION: The operative phrase in this definition is "not necessarily". The word anecdotal in the medical world is synonymous with unequivocally incorrect, not worthy, absolutely wrong, etc. Anecdotal information, ideas or the such are taboo in any "intelligent" medical discussion. Any thought, or any idea that is not based on evidence and is therefore anecdotal, and thus cannot be right and is not to be considered, much less believed. Stop wasting my valuable time!

When it comes to what is what in the medical field, vetted, scrutinized, refereed, bona fide Level I evidence is the gold standard. Anything short of this is just not good enough! However, this dogmatic, stuffy sentiment leaves much, if not all of the medical profession in a heap of confusion. Let me explain.

Medical research is a lot like schizophrenia; there is a general lack of ambivalence. When it comes to what we know and how we learn and advance in the medical field, we doctors, we researchers have the hardest time with the anecdotal grey zone or ambiguity. At least we have a hard time admitting that anecdotal information even exist, let alone might be useful, in earshot of others. That would be like guys admitting we pee in the shower. Who would do such a thing; not me. Black and white, right and wrong is how a perfect medical world would function for sure. There would be no questions; we would just know and we would always be right.

Undecided to publish this blog, my mind was made up just reading the recent work of Danielle Ofri, M.D. She make an excellent point in the Well section of the New York Times, “Uncertainty Is Hard for Doctors”.

What this near zero-tolerance craziness creates is a system where a lot of good information, based on extensive heuristic observation, is often overlooked because it just does not rate. Just because a medical idea or a clinical observation is not supported by clinical research yet, and is by default anecdotal, however this does not automatically deem it to be wrong. There is a lot of very good information or evidence that is anecdotal that does not meet the stringent Level I. On the other hand, loads of Level I studies are produced every year that are crap. Really! God help us if we ever consider information that is anecdotal, Level 378 (out of 5) research. In my opinion, when someone throws out the “that’s anecdotal” card, they are a hypocrite.

 Here is the truth that we doctors will not discuss openly, and it ain’t so bad. We practice anecdotal medicine EVERY. DAY. The purist and even pretend academicians will deny this statement vehemently. They also don’t pee in the shower. We can’t help it because not everything is known, and so much never will be known. Furthermore, so much can never be proven. Some of the time we have to practice, pontificate, and operate anecdotally. If anyone says otherwise they are either lying or they they have very poor insight. Every single day we practice medicine, no matter who we are, we are applying anecdotal methods and knowledge. Claiming otherwise is just plain old bovine fecal matter. We just don’t want to admit it or we are unaware we are doing it.  Anecdotal ideas or concepts can follow two paths: anecdotal info that is clearly true, but untested and worse, anecdotal pontifery that is untrue, yet we believe it to be true because it has been around long enough to be grandfathered in.  For the later I refer to the Tenth Law of the Dinosaur. Tenth Law of the Dinosaur: A bad idea held by many people for a long time is still a bad idea 
Here are just two examples of many:
 Only three cortisone injections in a joint, etc., per year or per lifetime. Well, which is it? It happens to be neither! There is no evidence that there is a set limit of cortisone injections in a particular spot, yet we continue to confidently make this claim. There are random comments in the discussion of a few papers, but this does not constitute evidence. I am not recommending injecting with reckless abandon. I am just pointing out that this guideline is quoted thousands of times every day, maybe per hour, in the U.S., and it is based on anecdotal here-say or urban myth, not refereed evidence. Getting stitches wet will cause an infection. Go ahead and keep making this stuff up.
 There are a lot of great, effective anecdotal ideas out there that never get out. Let me substitute the word observational for anecdotal. Ever observation a physician makes, adds to his/her understanding of a problem. The cumulation of these observations over time shapes how a physician approaches a certain problem, diagnosis, or topic. This development of understanding is absolutely unavoidable, and without a doubt is shaped by time and experience. It is called the practice of medicine. It is this process that leads to the formation of a hypothesis, or an idea that could then be tested. The process of testing these hypotheses is rigorous, time consuming, and costly; so it often does not get done.

Here is the irony of it all. There are two words that researchers generally try to avoid: proof and anecdotal. In a way, we really can't really prove anything, except for maybe in mathematics. Everything else we are left with turns out to be varying degrees of anecdotalism. I just made that word up along with pontifery above.

When you get right down to it, every bit of good evidence, even well done, well-accepted Level I evidence, was at one time anecdotal, but even then it was no less true.

 
 Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
Anecdotal evidence is alive and well

Anecdotal evidence is alive and well! As a disclaimer, I am all for refereed medical research striving to reach the correct answers so...

Thank you all so much for your comments and support. I have received a lot of feedback and fantastic questions about the Morton’s neuromas (MN) post and your problems with diagnosis and treatment of such. This area of the foot can indeed be terribly confounding and difficult to diagnose. I want to help you all as much as I can with this conundrum, and I would love to answer each and every one of you individually, but I just can’t and shouldn’t in this setting. If you have been labeled with the diagnosis of a Morton’s neuroma and various treatments are not working so well, maybe you don’t have a Morton’s neuroma. The MN diagnosis is made way too often. Why? Here are some misconceptions that surround the dreaded Morton’s neuroma that can lead us astray: MN’s are really common. Actually, they are not common, especially a 2nd web space MN (15%, my opinion, almost ZERO percent). Even the 3rd web space MN is not common. If your doc is indicating a 2nd web space MN, question it and consider the much more common 2nd MTP synovitis (inflammation of the central ball joint). If they are thinking 1st or 4th web space, RUN. MN diagnosis is SEXY. We docs just got to make that diagnosis. “You have a Morton’s neuroma”. It has teeth. It sounds so definitive and sure. It is like a golf ball set up on a tee just waiting to be shanked. MN’s are easy to diagnose. Actually, they are not easy to diagnose. I have done this for 27 years, and now more than ever, I am even more cautious, and I respect making this diagnosis more than ever. It is actually a diagnosis of exclusion. This means that I rule out the other possibilities to the best of my ability before making the call of a MN. Too many good docs jump right to this diagnosis. It has to be the last diagnosis, and even then, I am often not as sure as I would typically like to be. “You have a Mulder’s click”. This is a physical finding that is rarely helpful, but boy, do we love it. The MRI and more recently, ultrasound have not helped matters either. In fact, those who rely on these tests are increasingly trying to make a claim regarding their diagnostic prowess, which is not true. Stick to old-fashioned history and exam. MN may be all your doctor knows. What I mean is, if there is forefoot pain, MN seems to be the go-to diagnosis. Remember, it is sexy. 
Basically, central forefoot (2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal head region, not 1st or 5th) pain that starts in an otherwise normal foot can be divvied up into four basic diagnoses the great majority of the time. There are several more possible diagnoses that are uncommon and frankly, outliers that are not discussed here, such as Freiberg’s infraction, inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid), etc. Here are the names and the diagnostic criteria, according to the AO. Keep in mind that the majority of these can be diagnosed by history alone and an MRI or an ultra sound is generally not needed in any of these. In fact, they are a waste of time and money. If your doc is quick to say they need an MRI  to make the diagnosis consider another route. I’m not sayin’, I’m just sayin’.

Exam is important, but only to support and confirm the history. By the way, no matter what you think or hear, none of these ever have a history of actual causative acute trauma. If you have a history of trauma and you have one of these, I would say True-True-Unrelated.

Finally, I am not discussing treatment. The treatment of each of these is clear-cut as long as one is confident in the diagnosis, which is what this is about.

Intractable plantar keratosis (IPK) or plantar corn or callus
 Generally older, 50 yo plus, but can be any adult Pain is on the bottom Insidious slow onset, present for some time Visible seed, small tight callus that is exquisitely tender to touch. No swelling You would have to be brain dead to miss this one. Pain only with weight bearing Worse on barefoot, especially on a hard floor, better in shoes, carpet When it comes to trauma, this one could be the exception. If there is bonafide past or remote trauma to your foot/metatarsal or previous surgery that leads you to have a residual unevenness to the weight bearing surface of your metatarsals, then you could develop an IPK form that. X-rays negative Can be confused with a plantar wart.  Metatarsal neck stress fracture Ages 20's on up Military recruits, boot camp, “march fracture” Distance runners, any age, training error 50+ female>>male Recent rapid onset Recent rise in activity level, especially number of steps! Normal activity (fewer steps per day) with a change to many more steps per day, vacation, new exercise program, etc. Or lower activity, as in being down from prolonged inactivity, i.e., illness, heading back to your normal activity level. Jumping out of the back of a pickup truck and breaking your metatarsal is an acute fracture, not a stress fracture, and is different. Pain on top of foot Swelling top of foot Usually 2nd metatarsal, next to big toe metatarsal Pain with weight bearing, with or with out shoes X-rays negative in first 21 days, then new reparative bone formation is seen and sometimes the fracture is seen. MRI, again, is a waste of time unless your doc owns the MRI, then at least one of you benefits. Morton’s neuroma  Adults, peak age 40’s thru 50’s. Insidious onset, often years. Unlike all the others, at first and often even later, the location of the pain can be vague; it can’t be pinpointed. It can be frustrating for both the patient and the doctor. Pain is mostly in the bottom. Can take a while to get started with standing/walking. Worse in confining shoes, better in sandals or barefoot. NO SWELLING..............EVER. Whoops, caps lock and BOLD on again. Can feel swollen, however. Numbness can feel like swelling. Remember the last time you got home from the dentist and you looked in the mirror because you were sure that your tongue was hanging out of your mouth only to find out all was well. I rest my case. There can be a sensation of actual, perceptible numbness between the two affected toes that border the neuroma. This sensation or finding by your doc is extremely variable and unreliable. Its presence or absence really means nothing. I basically ignore it, except to support my other findings. Mulder’s click is a useless finding. It’s absence means nothing. While I do dismiss it, a Mulder’s click may be supportive if, when performed, it pretty much recreates your pain exactly. 3rd web...85-90%, 2nd web 10-15%, 1st or 4th web.......not. These are two experiences that get my attention and often have meaning, but only supportive with other findings and history:
 feeling of folded sock bottom of foot urge to take off shoes and rub foot. Does not matter whether you actually ever do it, it is just the urge part. Second MTP synovitis (AKA, capsulitis, pre-dislocation syndrome)  Majority in specific demographic,  55 +/- yo female Not mentioned as a differential diagnosis on Mayo or WebMD sites, but capsulitis is right there on Wikipedia. By and far the most common of these four diagnoses Primarily 2nd metatarsal. Infrequently, the 3rd. Insidious onset, few days to weeks. Swelling top and bottom often, but not always. Painful “lump” or “rock” under the ball of the foot. Pain is perceived at the bottom of the foot. Worse on a hard floor barefoot, better on carpet or cushioned shoes. Sometimes there is the perception of some form of trauma, but any trauma is just the “straw that broke the camel's back” phenomenon, or the patient's "theory" of causation. For instance, dancing in heels at a wedding could get it started. But here is something you MUST know; it was going to start eventually anyway because it is a result of:
 Mostly, these occur as a result of calves that are too tight, which places more pressure on the forefoot/metatarsal heads. This represents a more recent change, and why this is happening now and not before. It occurs at the 2nd metatarsal due to basic human anatomy; the 2nd metatarsal is the most prominent in almost all of us. This has been your anatomy forever. Your doctor might refer to your 2nd metatarsal as “too long,” but let this point sink in: it has been that length all your life. Seriously, it isn’t as if your metatarsal suddenly (and magically) grew longer. Now, refer back to calves. This is what changed!. Transfer metatarsalgia secondary to a bunion. Often blamed, but the calves that are too tight are the larger reason this is going on at this point in your life. When this problem is left untreated, eventually a hammertoe will develop if the swelling is allowed to persist. Hey, here is a novel idea, if this is going on, start stretching your calves. The great majority of isolated 2nd and/or 3rd hammertoes result from MTP synovitis, which comes from calves that are too tight, which is almost entirely preventable as long as you stretch your calves. Often, the inflammation from the 2nd MTP synovitis can irritate the adjacent 2nd web space nerve, causing neuritis, which is a secondary thing and not a Morton’s neuroma.
 

If you are reading this, you likely fit into one of these four groups. Certainly, you’ve gotten loads of information from the stranger on the bus next to you, or your nosey neighbor (everybody is an expert), or from the internet, or even your doctor. Again, the mere fact that you are reading this means things probably aren’t going so well. No matter what you have heard from these random sources, statistically, your problem is second MTP synovitis, and not a Morton’s neuroma. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Morton’s Neuroma Revisited

Thank you all so much for your comments and support. I have received a lot of feedback and fantastic questions about the Morton’s neuromas (MN) post and your problems with diagnosis and treatment of such. This area of the foot can indeed be terribly confounding and difficult to diagnose. I want to help you all as much as I can with this conundrum, and I would love to answer each and every one of you individually, but I just can’t and shouldn’t in this setting. If you have been labeled with...

This blog addresses a question by one of AO’s readers: Based on surgical outcomes, when should a person see a podiatrist, and when should that person see a foot and ankle orthopedic surgeon? This question is difficult to answer. Of course I would be biased towards an MD, orthopedic surgeon, fellowship trained in the care of the foot and ankle over a podiatrist. The real answer is there are good and bad in both disciplines…but how do you find out who is the right person for you or your family member? Here are some ways to vet the right doc, of any kind, especially a surgeon. 1. The best referrals are from patients who have been there. Your doctor might not be the best source for a referral. If I am asked by my patient about another doc—a heart surgeon let’s say—I will usually not give a referral because I don’t really know these people and I certainly don’t know how good a doc/surgeon they might be. At the end of the day I really don’t know most of these other docs, but I hear stories (see #2). Sometimes no referral is the best route. 2. Find someone this doc might work with in the OR, like a nurse, anesthetists, etc. These people are with the surgeon in the heat of battle and that is when a surgeon’s true colors show! That is exactly how I found my urologist 13 years ago, but I have means the common person does not. So, do your best to ask around. 3. Be forward and ask the doc you are in front of how many of these procedures they have done. If that upsets them…RUN. What are the expected downsides and risks of a particular procedure? What is the recovery going to be? 4. Talk to patients in the waiting room. But beware, you might be thrown off by the complainer. You might have to throw out the highs and the lows. This approach can be much like reviews of products online and has to be filtered a bit…A constructive criticism looks very different from whining and complaining. 5. Don’t choose your doc/surgeon based on their wonderful personality. Your prospective doc could be a jerk, curmudgeon, or just not warm and fuzzy, but they could still be a great surgeon, who gets great results. See #1 and #2. Face it, you’re not going there to date them, you are going for a service. Of course, I was both, warm and fuzzy and a great surgeon, just ask me. 6. When all else fails, get another opinion. If you are really looking at surgery, get another opinion and then choose. But a word of warning: too many and differing opinions can cause confusion. If you do this do not tell the next guy what the first guy said—don’t even tell them you saw someone else. Then you will get unbiased opinion. Notice I did not say honest? I may have not directly answered the question, but that is a tinderbox even the angry one will not touch. Best of luck to all…
Podiatrists and Foot & Ankle Orthopedic Surgeons

This blog addresses a question by one of AO’s readers: Based on surgical outcomes, when should a person see a podiatrist, and when should...

This topic–Sever’s disease–was suggested by a reader on Facebook. “Like” me on Facebook here. To be perfectly blunt, Sever’s disease is basically the pediatric form of plantar fasciitis. Both are caused by calves that are too tight, and usually the calf contracture is silent so the person is unaware that it is present. However, the two calf contractures develop differently. (BTW, I really don’t like Sever’s being called a disease, it just sounds so bad… We also call it Sever’s apophysitis, so that odd name might explain why “disease” sticks!) In a child, usually boys around 12-13, the calf growth does not keep pace with skeletal growth, so the calf becomes “relatively too tight.” This is why these occur just after the growth spurt. This growth differential, coupled with the “straw that breaks the camel’s back” such as recent conditioning, is what gets these started. What keeps them going is a failure to address the underlying problem—you guessed it—the relative shortened calf. The usual treatment is rest, ice, NSAID’s, immobilization, and maybe some minor efforts at stretching. If you carefully look at the list, only one of these treatments addresses the problem. Here is one thing I do not do. I do not shut these kids down with rest and avoid all pain. This is usually a nuisance and there is no “damage” going on, so I let them participate to tolerance. Read just about any website on Sever’s and you see the alarmist mentality in action. Wise up and stop it. In the adult, plantar fasciitis is also due to calves that are too tight. However, their calf tightness is due to time and inevitable contractures that come about as we age. In both cases, there is too much strain placed through the heel due to the calf contracture. Here is what is totally cool: both these contractures can be treated, or better yet prevented, by just stretching you calves every day… Finally, why do my well-intentioned and learned colleagues continue to treat these things with the usual dog and pony show and ignore the calf? The problem is that they can’t wrap their head around the concept that such things as Sever’s and PF can caused by such a simple problem like calves that are too tight! I for one quit drinking that kool-aid decades ago… Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below.
On Sever’s Disease

This topic–Sever’s disease–was suggested by a reader on Facebook. “Like” me on Facebook here . To be perfectly blunt, Sever’s disease is...

First and foremost I am declaring that I am the first to use this term: “The Rescue Patient.” I have now made my mark. My fifteen minutes of fame may be over. If you can’t stomach tough love, stop reading here. If you are a rescue patient or you know one and you/they want to get better, read on. You know who you are. You’ve had a bad, no, a very bad experience with the medical profession and you have lost all trust and faith. You’ve been beaten down like a political candidate. Your sensibility is destroyed and you feel you have nowhere to turn. You feel like that spy in the movie who is being chased by everyone who is trying to “come in from the cold.” Everywhere you turn, there is danger because you can’t trust anyone, even those folks supposedly on your side. Tom Cruise in Mission Impossible or Robert Redford in Three Days of the Condor comes to mind. As a result, you don’t come in, and you stay away. Who could blame you! In the foot and ankle business I definitely see my share of rescue patients. From my vantage point you can be angry, contentious, controlling, and generally unpleasant. All of the ire that you did not level on the last guy is now poring out onto me. For years I did not like you. After all, I am a trustworthy guy and here you are accusing and judging me, at least by implication – and we just met. You take way too much time, you are not much fun and you seem to spend all your time trying to convince me how bad this is for you. My staff says get rid of you because yo are too mush trouble, but for some crazy reason I persist. I certainly could not look the other way because I am the last line of defense for you and I take that very seriously… Then, many years ago I got it. The challenge to “turn you” physically, mentally, and emotionally was an awesome and rewarding thing. Sick words coming from an unemotional middle-aged surgeon who just about flunked psychology and psychiatry. Like most surgeons, I am privately proud of this feat (doing poorly in psych) as somehow it makes me a better surgeon, so I am told. So while several of my friends rescue dogs, I rescue patients when needed. I actually enjoy bringing you in from the cold. You have become a different kind of challenge and I get to restore your faith and make you better on many levels. In my next blog, The Rescue Patient: Part 2,  I’ll break down the five ways you can effectively move forward where you thought you could not. Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
The Rescue Patient: Part One

First and foremost I am declaring that I am the first to use this term: “The Rescue Patient.” I have now made my mark. My fifteen minutes of fame may be over. If you can’t stomach tough love, stop reading here. If you are a rescue patient or you know one and you/they want to get better, read on. You know who you are. You’ve had a bad, no, a very bad experience with the medical profession and you have lost all trust and faith. You’ve been beaten down like a political candidate. Your...

In my last blog, The Rescue Patient: Part One, I coined the term “The Rescue Patient.” While I am not always successful, this experience has given me great satisfaction and the insight to make some useful recommendations to the rescue patient who is contemplating “coming in.” Keep in mind, most of my colleagues don’t embrace this challenge, thus you will need to be equipped during your encounter. Also, keep in mind that you have a very real problem, but its elusiveness creates a sense that it is in your head. It is not, I can assure you. My message is tough love!! Sorry. No, not sorry. If you fit that description, I have five tips for you before you visit you doc. However, beware 1. Win over the office staff. They are your first contact, and they can be your allies, or they can make it hard. Sorry, but this is the absolute truth. I love my staff, and they treat our patients great, but their loyalty is to me, and they protect me and the practice. 2. Do not alienate the doc immediately. Much like a rescue dog, if you lash out and bite me, I will probably not take you home. I can understand, given your bad experience, how you might feel I'm the enemy. However, if you do want me to “take you home” and help you, you will have to bite your tongue and, in some way, effectively and concisely tell your story. But first, you would do well to briefly explain that you have had a bad experience and would really appreciate my help. Go ahead, suck up your pride and feed my enormous ego by buttering me up a bit. 3. Dial down the emotion. Please, please do not go on and on about how terribly bad your problem is for you. Your problem is what I do every day, and in a few seconds, I will pretty much know your general level of suffering. STAY OBJECTIVE! Convincing me of the severity of your problem and how bad it affects you does not help me help you. I have determined that there are two valid reasons for your überconvincing, perseverating behavior. First, someone is not listening to you; they don’t understand the magnitude of what you are going through, and you need someone to know. Maybe it is your spouse, maybe it is your best friend, likely your last doctor, whoever. You need to be validated, and this is your shot. Tread lightly because it may turn me off. Second, you think this pleading behavior will help me see the problem more clearly, and that I will listen better than the last doc. What most of us will do is tune you out. Sorry, but this is the absolute truth, like it or not… 4. You may be the problem. You think I need to know all your information and your acquired knowledge on your problem. “Doctor, did you read all the records, and did you see the MRI report?” you say. Or, “This is what I think is going on with my ankle…” Seriously, your opinion is not helpful. Furthermore, you feel it is essential that I know everything the last doctor (or four) has told you. Sorry, but if they had any valuable information or opinions, you would not be sitting before me; you would be fixed. Allow me to start from the beginning and examine the evidence you have for myself, piece by piece. The more you try to micromanage me, the more you shoot yourself in the foot. If the concept that you might be part of the problem upsets you, then you are the problem. Along these same lines, if your rescue doc is mostly interested in the opinion of previous docs and all the records, etc., of your past medical experience, move on! Your doc should be talking to you, discovering your story directly, and forming opinions from you, the eyewitness, firsthand. I personally do not want to see any previous reports or tests or hear any opinions, at least right away. When the right time comes, I will call them up like pulling up a lefty from the bullpen. Let me decide what is pertinent and what is not. Allow me to do my job. 5. For god’s sake, give me some time. I understand you are in a hurry. No doubt you have been dealing with this for a long time, months, maybe years. You come to me in the eleventh hour, and understandably, you want your problem to be gone, now! However, I must have time to first accurately diagnose whatever it is, and then, and only then, can I actually help you. Now here is to all you rescue patients. Go boldly and get the help you need and deserve! Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
The Rescue Patient: Part Two

In my last blog, The Rescue Patient: Part One, I coined the term “The Rescue Patient.” While I am not always successful, this experience has given me great satisfaction and the insight to make some useful recommendations to the rescue patient who is contemplating “coming in.” Keep in mind, most of my colleagues don’t embrace this challenge, thus you will need to be equipped during your encounter. Also, keep in mind that you have a very real problem, but its elusiveness creates a sense that it...

In the last AO entry, Six Weeks: Part One, I shared how as much as docs council our patients prior to an elective surgery, patients continue to only hear what they want to hear. Ultimately, I see these misguided — and unrealistic – expectations time and time again. In this entry, I want to share my five simple rules to the best surgical recovery and eventual outcome. 1. Have the lowest expectations possible. The journey will always be better and who knows, you might be pleasantly surprised in the beginning, middle, and the end. 2. Listen to what you are being told and believe it, unless it seems too good to be true. You just might have yourself a used car surgeon there, professor. When we are telling you all this time-related, restrictive, terrible jibber jabber that is likely to happen, it is not CYA, it is to realign your expectations to what will actually happen. We mean it! Several times per year a previous patient returns after they have left me to find a doc who told them what they wanted to hear. There are plenty of these docs to go around. Hey, we need the business just like the next guy and there you are, ripe for the picking. Of course there was a surgery, and that patient’s expectations were not met. Should I apologize for telling you the truth? 3. Get ready because you are about to get the ball and you need to be prepared to carry it. If you need help after surgery, get it arranged beforehand. If you are going to use crutches, get them and practice ahead of time. If you have some time constraint in the weeks/months to follow, cancel them or move your surgery. Nothing, but nothing, pisses me off more than talking to the family immediately after surgery and being informed about a cruise they are going on in two weeks. Usually, it comes with an attitude like “what do you expect us to do about it?” You should have thought about that earlier because now YOU got the ball and you don’t want to fumble it. Come on, just a little common sense, please. It goes back to the idea they that they only hear what they want to hear. 4. Ask questions. Not stupid stuff. (“Will it hurt?”) Of course it will hurt. Ask about timeframes, what can you do at what time, when can you drive, when can you run, when can you return to your sport, and so forth. When can I go on a cruise? And when you get an answer, believe it. 5. Multiply by six. If I tell you swelling will occur for nine months, you will hear six weeks (9 months divided by 6). Please pull out your smart phone and do a little ciphering. Voilà, there you are back to nine months and your expectations are where they should be. I almost always draw out what I write out for my patients, with a circle around it.  Let’s say, for example, this was nine months for swelling, amongst many other items. Almost invariably they come back at 6 weeks and inquire, again usually with a bit of an attitude, as to their swelling and why is it going on so long. At this point, I’ll take out the drawing, point to the circle with “swelling-nine months” hand-written and I ask, “What about this did you not understand?” Maybe some of you can help me with the answer I almost always get: “Yea, but?” My reply: “But what?” Even when I write it out for you, you still only digest what you want… Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
Six Weeks: Part Two

In the last AO entry, Six Weeks: Part One, I shared how as much as docs council our patients prior to an elective surgery, patients continue to only hear what they want to hear. Ultimately, I see these misguided — and unrealistic – expectations time and time again. In this entry, I want to share my five simple rules to the best surgical recovery and eventual outcome. 1. Have the lowest expectations possible. The journey will always be better and who knows, you might be pleasantly surprised in...

Most of us have heard of two weeks; a fortnight, 9 1/2 weeks; a racy movie, and even 26 weeks, the age of the first born child who is actually 6 months old. These “weekly” designations don’t bother me, except for the kid thing. My oldest son is 1,547 weeks old by the way. Six weeks is the one that really bothers me. Six weeks is exactly how long it takes to recover fully from an orthopedic injury or surgery, right? Six weeks also happens to be the length of time that the average human psyche can withstand being down and not in control. Okay, that last one, the control thing, is my own semi-educated observation about my patients, but I think I am on to something here… As much as I council my patients prior to an elective surgery, yep, you got it, six weeks is still the time that sticks in their minds. I most definitely do not put it there, but someone or something did. This two-part blog is about the experience, the journey after surgery, not the final result. Most often these are two completely different things. Just to make sure I am clear, one could have a very rocky recovery and end up with a great result and visa versa. Okay, a patient chooses to have an elective surgery. I have wondered and sole searched (get it?) why even after I vigorously “lay the crepe” they continue to just let it go in one ear and right out the other. Swoosh! Why even bother? Of course there are several possible reasons why the message doesn’t get through. Maybe I am talking too softly, or they don’t hear so well. Or maybe they just think that I am doing a little cover-my-rear-end maneuver by informing them about all these bad restrictive things that WILL happen. Or they are thinking, and I love this one, “I’m a fast healer” and this stuff just does not apply to them. While all of these anecdotal reasons are no doubt true in many cases, we docs have boiled it down to one basic inconvertible reason why you are not getting it: you hear exactly what you want to hear. Most of you come in with a preconceived notion as to what your surgical experience will be from whatever source, whether it be Aunt Jane, the World Wide Web, or your bookie. While we are telling you the absolute truth about the surgical experience, you are usually dividing it by six. BTW, good, conservative surgeons, those without alimony payments, are not used car salesmen and we operate only when it is necessary, so we tell you what you really need to hear. I do know a few used car surgeon types. Having aligned expectations can be the difference between success and failure in our business. There isn’t one of us who does not want your experience, and of course your final result, to be as good as possible. But here is what we know that you do not know. No matter how great the final result may be, you still have to recover and go through the gauntlet of the post-operative experience. And in most cases that post-op experience is worse than you can imagine. Why? Because you have an unrealistic expectation; you are set on six weeks! I am not really talking about the pain. Heck, most patients are so scared over the potential for post op pain that they are often pleasantly surprised. Remember the expectations thing? What you are not expecting is a lengthy recovery that always includes pain, loss of control, swelling, odd color changes — I could go on and on. These are the things we produce by doing the surgery and you acquire from going through the early recovery of immobilization, non-weight bearing, etc. In orthopedics we call it cast disease and it is mostly unavoidable. You see, surgery is nothing more than controlled trauma. Sorry, but this is true. Then comes the recovery, laying around and being less active, setting you back even more. While physical therapists can facilitate things greatly, you still have to go through the gauntlet to varying degrees. I’ve come up with five simple rules for the best surgical recovery – and eventual outcome. Come back to the blog soon to read these in “Six Weeks: Part Two.”
Six Weeks: Part One

Most of us have heard of two weeks; a fortnight, 9 1/2 weeks; a racy movie, and even 26 weeks, the age of the first born child who is...

In my last post, I praise the Choosing Wisely® list, which is aimed at cutting down on unnecessary testing by docs. I got into medicine because it is FUN, and, of course, to help people. I think most of my colleagues did so as well. I get up every day and I get to go to work and figure out puzzles all day. How cool is that? Sure, it may not always be unwarranted or a bad thing, but testing and more testing can definitely take the fun out of taking care of patients… I want to figure out your problem the old-fashioned way with a good old history and physical! Then and only then, get a test if it is warranted. This is the correct way, and the safe way, to help improve your quality of life. So why else am I in favor of the Choosing Wisely® (and the mentality behind it)? 
Our over-testing can place the patient in harms way, especially if your doctor is not vigilant. There are only three results that can come from any medical study or test. You might find what you are looking for, find nothing (negative/normal result), or a result that is unexpected. A test that shows what you are highly suspecting should be the most common result. Testing that shows nothing or is “normal” should be far and few between. Warranted screening testing or similar testing is not what I am talking about here – I am talking about a patient who has a problem for which an active diagnosis is being sought. On the other hand, we would all hope the any and all screening testing would come up normal.

Tests that show something unintended are where it can get scary folks. And this is something few ever really think about. It is sort of “beware of what you ask for.” Of course, an unintended result such as serendipitous finding an early case of early leukemia or similar is a good thing. Nobody can deny what that discovery can mean to that person and their family.

But what about information that is discovered that might be something….or not? What do we do with that information? Let me say with pure clarity, it is my job to interpret and clinically correlate any and all findings. FYI, clinical correlation is medical jargon for connect the dots, which is vitally important. Furthermore it is a bit of a lost art, in my opinion.

A vital part of connecting the dots is whether the “finding” is relevant to your problem, and whether this is really there. I deal mostly with imaging tests (MRI, bone scans, ST-scans, etc.) and I can assure you that radiologist love to find all kinds of things, whether they are actually there or not. It is my job to determine if that extra finding is relevant.

So here is a piece of very good advice: ask your doc if they actually read the test themselves, and not just the report. If they do not read your test themselves...RUN!

The only way I can answer what to do with this extra information is by way of a story. This is only one of many such yarn I could spin. Sorry to keep bashing the MRI, but it’s so easy. In the past ten years I have seen several patients presenting with ankle pain after an ankle reconstruction surgery with a history of only heel pain or plantar fasciitis prior to the surgery. In each case they had never had ankle pain or a history of ankle injury. For any or all reasons noted above, an MRI was obtained and the read was “chronic rupture of the ATFL” or ankle ligament rupture. Forget about the heel pain, my god, the ankle has a ligament rupture. In my experience, approximately 80% of all MRI’s that include the ankle region note this finding. In most of these cases (hundreds) the ligaments are not an issue and do not represent a dot.

Well, as you would guess, the surgeon probably did not know what they were looking for, looked at the report, did not read the study for themselves, did not connect the dots, and the patient got an ankle reconstruction... And they still have heel pain, the exact original pain. So, even if all these MRI reports were correct, the information was used un-wisely. The dots were not connected.

What I want you to takeaway is this: I have been taught as a doc, that when you get a test, you should know what it will show. This was true then and it is true now. When a good doctor sits down with you, obtains a good history and physical, and then judiciously orders a test on you, I can guarantee you they will rarely be surprised by the results because they already know! Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
The Medical Field Gets its Act Together: Part Two

In my last post , I praise the Choosing Wisely® list, which is aimed at cutting down on unnecessary testing by docs. I got into...

Finally, the medical field, in general, is getting its act together, maybe? Simply put, Choosing Wisely®, the brainchild of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), is an initiative to help cut down on unnecessary medical testing. The goal behind the campaign: improve medical care by “cutting waste.” Although I suggest both doctors and patients read up on it themselves, Christine Cassel, MD – president and CEO of the American Board of Internal Medicine and the ABIM Foundation – describes Choosing Wisely® well:

“For every one of these items , there are times when it is indicated,” she said. “We aren’t saying you should never do it — these are times you ought to have a conversation about whether you need it or not.”

At this point, this looks to be the best thing to happen in the medical field in my lifetime. Everybody benefits!

Say what you want about me: angry, arrogant, controversial, but who I really am, at my core, is a patient advocate, period. In fact, if you want to really know why I am “angry,” I fundamentally do not care for a lot of things that go on in medicine today. I have been doing this long enough to know the difference.

The four reasons why medicine is at the point it’s at today concerning over-testing:

• Patients ask for it!
• Testing and screening are so widely available and accessible now.
• The current insurance reimbursement structure in America lends docs, over time, to settle with the path of least resistance in dealing with patients.
• Defensive medicine

I was taught in medical school that I could come up with an accurate diagnosis greater than 90% of the time with an accurate history (as in, your story about your problem with a little of my guidance) and a physical exam. I distinctly remember hearing that and thinking to myself, “what a crock.” But today, I know this as truth. These docs today, considering the fact they can readily get that test (the one patients are ASKING for), will often bypass the effort to really learn and too quickly default to the test. As a result, one’s deeper understanding goes untapped.

 What does this mean for medicine today? It’s been destructive. Our test-happy culture has the affect of creating DUMBER docs. Yes, I said dumber. I have taught residents for 26 years and trust me, they are definitely not getting better, even though their access to information and medical testing is unprecedented. You see, if one is to consider a test, particularly the correct one for your problem, one must have a really good idea of what your problem is…before the test is ordered.

So then you might say, "Why do we have so much testing?" Because we can, that’s why! (BTW, I hate “because we can.”) But the truth is, we have more access than ever! And, again, it relates back to my first point: the patient may just be the biggest reason why we test so much – because you think getting that MRI, for example, is the best method to arrive at your diagnosis. Sorry, but even though you have the internet, etc., you, as a lay patient, are still not adequately equipped to decide what test, if any, is appropriate. I also recognize that media and medical advertising drive this as well.

Surprising to some is that defensive medicine is probably low on the list of reasons we docs test too much. A quick note on so-called defensive medicine: the best defensive medicine is for me to be a genuine person and sit down and talk with my patients. And I do it everyday; I like it that way (more on this later). Even if that means taking the time to explain why they do not need that MRI they are so sure they do…The good news about all of this: these scenarios are exactly what Choosing Wisely® aims to improve.

As for medical reimbursement – it has changed a great deal over the last two decades – while, at the same time, testing availability and technology have exploded. Thanks to the behind-the-scenes negotiations, docs are being paid less for their services, so they are incentivized to see more patients in less time. In turn, this might equate to more docs sending patients along their way for some testing that patients are expecting – if not asking for.

This logic is exactly the same as when a patient comes into a primary care doc’s office with a cold and insists on antibiotics. We absolutely know that antibiotics will do nothing for a viral cold and their indiscriminate use is not good, but the path of least resistance is to write that script and send you on your way. Good docs take the time and good patients recognize this and listen to them.

Visit the blog soon to read part two.  

Finally, the medical field, in general, is getting its act together. Simply put, Choosing Wisely®, the brainchild of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), is an initiative to help cut down on unnecessary medical testing. The goal behind the campaign: improve medical care by “cutting waste.” Although I suggest both doctors and patients read up on it themselves, Christine Cassel, MD – president and CEO of the American Board of Internal Medicine and the ABIM Foundation – describes Choosing Wisely® well:

“For every one of these items , there are times when it is indicated,” she said. “We aren’t saying you should never do it — these are times you ought to have a conversation about whether you need it or not.”

At this point, this looks to be the best thing to happen in the medical field in my lifetime. Everybody benefits!

Say what you want about me: angry, arrogant, controversial, but who I really am, at my core, is a patient advocate, period. In fact, if you want to really know why I am “angry,” I fundamentally do not care for a lot of things that go on in medicine today. I have been doing this long enough to know the difference.

The four reasons why medicine is at the point it’s at today with over-testing:

• Patients ask for it!
• Testing and screening are so widely available and accessible now.
• The current insurance reimbursement structure in America lends docs, over time, to settle with the path of least resistance in dealing with patients.
• Defensive medicine

I was taught in medical school that I could come up with an accurate diagnosis greater than 90% of the time with an accurate history (as in, your story about your problem with a little of my guidance) and a physical exam. I distinctly remember hearing that and thinking to myself, “what a crock.” But today, I know this as truth. These docs today, considering the fact they can readily get that test (the one patients are ASKING for), will often bypass the effort to really learn and too quickly default to the test. As a result, one’s deeper understanding goes untapped.

 What does this mean for medicine today? It’s been destructive. Our test-happy culture has the affect of creating DUMBER docs. Yes, I said dumber. I have taught residents for 26 years and trust me, they are definitely not getting better, even though their access to information and medical testing is unprecedented. You see, if one is to consider a test, particularly the correct one for your problem, one must have a really good idea of what your problem is…before the test is ordered.

So then you might say, "Why do we have so much testing?" Because we can, that’s why! (BTW, I hate “because we can.”) But the truth is, we have more access than ever! And, again, it relates back to my first point: the patient may just be the biggest reason why we test so much – because you think getting that MRI, for example, is the best method to arrive at your diagnosis. Sorry, but even though you have the internet, etc., you, as a lay patient, are still not adequately equipped to decide what test, if any, is appropriate. I also recognize that media and medical advertising drive this as well.

Surprising to some is that defensive medicine is probably low on the list of reasons we docs test too much. A quick note on so-called defensive medicine: the best defensive medicine is for me to be a genuine person and sit down and talk with my patients. And I do it everyday; I like it that way (more on this later). Even if that means taking the time to explain why they do not need that MRI they are so sure they do…The good news about all of this: these scenarios are exactly what Choosing Wisely® aims to improve.

As for medical reimbursement – it has changed a great deal over the last two decades – while, at the same time, testing availability and technology have exploded. Thanks to the behind-the-scenes negotiations, docs are being paid less for their services, so they are incentivized to see more patients in less time. In turn, this might equate to more docs sending patients along their way for some testing that patients are expecting – if not asking for.

This logic is exactly the same as when a patient comes into a primary care doc’s office with a cold and insists on antibiotics. We absolutely know that antibiotics will do nothing for a viral cold and their indiscriminate use is not good, but the path of least resistance is to write that script and send you on your way. Good docs take the time and good patients recognize this and listen to them.

Visit the blog soon to read part two.  

Finally, the medical field, in general, is getting its act together. Simply put, Choosing Wisely®, the brainchild of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), is an initiative to help cut down on unnecessary medical testing. The goal behind the campaign: improve medical care by “cutting waste.” Although I suggest both doctors and patients read up on it themselves, Christine Cassel, MD – president and CEO of the American Board of Internal Medicine and the ABIM Foundation – describes Choosing Wisely® well:

“For every one of these items , there are times when it is indicated,” she said. “We aren’t saying you should never do it — these are times you ought to have a conversation about whether you need it or not.”

At this point, this looks to be the best thing to happen in the medical field in my lifetime. Everybody benefits!

Say what you want about me: angry, arrogant, controversial, but who I really am, at my core, is a patient advocate, period. In fact, if you want to really know why I am “angry,” I fundamentally do not care for a lot of things that go on in medicine today. I have been doing this long enough to know the difference.

The four reasons why medicine is at the point it’s at today with over-testing:

• Patients ask for it!
• Testing and screening are so widely available and accessible now.
• The current insurance reimbursement structure in America lends docs, over time, to settle with the path of least resistance in dealing with patients.
• Defensive medicine

I was taught in medical school that I could come up with an accurate diagnosis greater than 90% of the time with an accurate history (as in, your story about your problem with a little of my guidance) and a physical exam. I distinctly remember hearing that and thinking to myself, “what a crock.” But today, I know this as truth. These docs today, considering the fact they can readily get that test (the one patients are ASKING for), will often bypass the effort to really learn and too quickly default to the test. As a result, one’s deeper understanding goes untapped.

 What does this mean for medicine today? It’s been destructive. Our test-happy culture has the affect of creating DUMBER docs. Yes, I said dumber. I have taught residents for 26 years and trust me, they are definitely not getting better, even though their access to information and medical testing is unprecedented. You see, if one is to consider a test, particularly the correct one for your problem, one must have a really good idea of what your problem is…before the test is ordered.

So then you might say, "Why do we have so much testing?" Because we can, that’s why! (BTW, I hate “because we can.”) But the truth is, we have more access than ever! And, again, it relates back to my first point: the patient may just be the biggest reason why we test so much – because you think getting that MRI, for example, is the best method to arrive at your diagnosis. Sorry, but even though you have the internet, etc., you, as a lay patient, are still not adequately equipped to decide what test, if any, is appropriate. I also recognize that media and medical advertising drive this as well.

Surprising to some is that defensive medicine is probably low on the list of reasons we docs test too much. A quick note on so-called defensive medicine: the best defensive medicine is for me to be a genuine person and sit down and talk with my patients. And I do it everyday; I like it that way (more on this later). Even if that means taking the time to explain why they do not need that MRI they are so sure they do…The good news about all of this: these scenarios are exactly what Choosing Wisely® aims to improve.

As for medical reimbursement – it has changed a great deal over the last two decades – while, at the same time, testing availability and technology have exploded. Thanks to the behind-the-scenes negotiations, docs are being paid less for their services, so they are incentivized to see more patients in less time. In turn, this might equate to more docs sending patients along their way for some testing that patients are expecting – if not asking for.

This logic is exactly the same as when a patient comes into a primary care doc’s office with a cold and insists on antibiotics. We absolutely know that antibiotics will do nothing for a viral cold and their indiscriminate use is not good, but the path of least resistance is to write that script and send you on your way. Good docs take the time and good patients recognize this and listen to them.

Visit the blog soon to read part two.  

Finally, the medical field, in general, is getting its act together. Simply put, Choosing Wisely®, the brainchild of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), is an initiative to help cut down on unnecessary medical testing. The goal behind the campaign: improve medical care by “cutting waste.” Although I suggest both doctors and patients read up on it themselves, Christine Cassel, MD – president and CEO of the American Board of Internal Medicine and the ABIM Foundation – describes Choosing Wisely® well:

“For every one of these items , there are times when it is indicated,” she said. “We aren’t saying you should never do it — these are times you ought to have a conversation about whether you need it or not.”

At this point, this looks to be the best thing to happen in the medical field in my lifetime. Everybody benefits!

Say what you want about me: angry, arrogant, controversial, but who I really am, at my core, is a patient advocate, period. In fact, if you want to really know why I am “angry,” I fundamentally do not care for a lot of things that go on in medicine today. I have been doing this long enough to know the difference.

The four reasons why medicine is at the point it’s at today with over-testing:

• Patients ask for it!
• Testing and screening are so widely available and accessible now.
• The current insurance reimbursement structure in America lends docs, over time, to settle with the path of least resistance in dealing with patients.
• Defensive medicine

I was taught in medical school that I could come up with an accurate diagnosis greater than 90% of the time with an accurate history (as in, your story about your problem with a little of my guidance) and a physical exam. I distinctly remember hearing that and thinking to myself, “what a crock.” But today, I know this as truth. These docs today, considering the fact they can readily get that test (the one patients are ASKING for), will often bypass the effort to really learn and too quickly default to the test. As a result, one’s deeper understanding goes untapped.

 What does this mean for medicine today? It’s been destructive. Our test-happy culture has the affect of creating DUMBER docs. Yes, I said dumber. I have taught residents for 26 years and trust me, they are definitely not getting better, even though their access to information and medical testing is unprecedented. You see, if one is to consider a test, particularly the correct one for your problem, one must have a really good idea of what your problem is…before the test is ordered.

So then you might say, "Why do we have so much testing?" Because we can, that’s why! (BTW, I hate “because we can.”) But the truth is, we have more access than ever! And, again, it relates back to my first point: the patient may just be the biggest reason why we test so much – because you think getting that MRI, for example, is the best method to arrive at your diagnosis. Sorry, but even though you have the internet, etc., you, as a lay patient, are still not adequately equipped to decide what test, if any, is appropriate. I also recognize that media and medical advertising drive this as well.

Surprising to some is that defensive medicine is probably low on the list of reasons we docs test too much. A quick note on so-called defensive medicine: the best defensive medicine is for me to be a genuine person and sit down and talk with my patients. And I do it everyday; I like it that way (more on this later). Even if that means taking the time to explain why they do not need that MRI they are so sure they do…The good news about all of this: these scenarios are exactly what Choosing Wisely® aims to improve.

As for medical reimbursement – it has changed a great deal over the last two decades – while, at the same time, testing availability and technology have exploded. Thanks to the behind-the-scenes negotiations, docs are being paid less for their services, so they are incentivized to see more patients in less time. In turn, this might equate to more docs sending patients along their way for some testing that patients are expecting – if not asking for.

This logic is exactly the same as when a patient comes into a primary care doc’s office with a cold and insists on antibiotics. We absolutely know that antibiotics will do nothing for a viral cold and their indiscriminate use is not good, but the path of least resistance is to write that script and send you on your way. Good docs take the time and good patients recognize this and listen to them.

Visit the blog soon to read part two. Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
The Medical Field Gets its Act Together: Part One

Finally, the medical field, in general, is getting its act together, maybe? Simply put, Choosing Wisely® , the brainchild of the American...

What really pushed me over the edge when it came to Morton’s Neuroma (MN) was watching Steven Tyler on OWN. During his interview with Oprah (okay, I saw it with my wife – her idea!), I realized one, that he’s an awesome dude, but two, he is mislead in thinking his problem is just a MN… he showed one of his “dogs” right there on TV, and a MN, even if he has one, is the least of his worries! First of all, a MN is not a neuroma at all… and, Morton did not describe Morton’s neuroma! What tha…? Technically speaking, it is perineural fibrosis, sort of a misplaced overgrown protective “scar” tissue surrounding and compressing an otherwise normal nerve. And this choking effect of the common digital nerve is what produces the pain. Durlacher described “Morton’s” neuroma, but I guess Morton’s neuroma sounded better. I’m certain it is easier to spell. So, what does MN feel like? It is bottom-of-the-foot, or plantar, pain that usually comes on very slowly — months to years — and never is a result of injury or trauma. At first the pain is vague, and difficult to describe or localize, but in time, over a period of months to years, it will localize and the ability to describe the pain sharpens. You may or may not have numbness or shooting pains out into the associated toes. Common and characteristic complaints are increased pain with tighter shoes, the urge to take ones shoe off and rub the foot, and/or the feeling that there is a fold in the sock, when there isn’t. It’s a nerve thing. The exam is defined by re-creation of the pain with palpation in the web space and possibly eliciting a pain reproducing Mulder’s click. When I see a patient and I suspect a MN, it becomes a diagnosis of exclusion, especially if it is in the second web space. This means that all other prospects/suspects are ruled out first, usually by history and exam. BTW, a Morton's neuroma may "feel" like swelling on the bottom of your foot, but that’s a sense that many get from numbness anywhere. However, actual, real swelling never accompanies MN. Never. The only other diagnostic test available is a diagnostic injection with or without cortisone.

Treatments range from living with it, to surgery. Sorry, but my focus here is not for treatment, but I will make a few brief comments below.

Here is the point. There are three things you don't know about MN that you might need to know. This is not science and is the culmination of 32 years of experience and observation.

1. An MRI is not a valid diagnostic test for MN!

Let me make this clear, an MRI is in no way able to aide in the diagnosis of a MN. If your doctor suspects a MN and suggests an MRI to "confirm" the diagnosis, or you already have an MRI "positive" for a MN and surgery is suggested based on this info, RUN. In deference to this, if your doc is struggling with the diagnosis of a possible MN and suggests an MRI to help better define other potential problems, then an MRI is probably okay, but it will still not nail the diagnosis. This gets back to the rule out/diagnosis of exclusion thing. Ultrasound is questionable as well, but your doc makes good money for it. Here's the thing, no matter what diagnostic test we use, it is our responsibility to connect the dots. It is called clinical correlation.

2. There is no such thing as "recurrence" of a MN after a surgical excision.

I have always wanted to say that because it’s so controversial and offbeat, but true. Man-o-shevitz, it feels so good to get that off my chest. So what is a "recurrence?" This is simply a case of your pre-op pain returning after surgical excision, or code for: your neuroma grew back. Really??!? Somehow use of the word “recurrence” makes this failure seem more like magic or bad luck or maybe the patient's fault. On the other hand, it also implies this is not the doctor's fault.

The truth is, according to the AO, return of your pain post-op falls into two categories. Misdiagnosis and failure to actually remove a bonafide MN. Accurate diagnosis of a MN by a specialist can be difficult and is at best 95% accurate. That means that when I take you to the operating room, I will be wrong 5% of the time about your diagnosis and when your pain "recurs" it is not a recurrence. Sorry, but that is the best I can do, and I make sure every one of my patients know that, before surgery! Incomplete removal or no removal at all (air ball, air ball, etc.) is the reason for "recurrence" when there actually is a MN. When the nerve is cut, what results is an true amputation neuroma and if it is left in the WB area you will continue to have pain just like or worse than you had prior to surgery. And if there is an air ball, well, that speaks for itself. I see my share of completely intact nerves on reoperating on a Morton's neuroma "recurrence". When it comes to surgery, get a solid diagnosis and pick an experienced fellowship trained surgeon.

3. Calf stretching might be the answer to MN.

I have found through serendipity that consistent, daily, dedicated calf stretching relieves the pain from MN in about 90-95% of cases. This is anecdotal for sure, but this surprise in my practice has saved a lot of surgeries. While I have theories as to why this might be true, let's just say that it is intriguing and would really be awesome if it bears out. Who knows, maybe some smart guy will come along and prove me wrong…or right. Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
Morton’s Neuroma: Controversial to Say the Least

What really pushed me over the edge when it came to Morton’s Neuroma (MN) was watching Steven Tyler on OWN. During his interview with...

Ever had numbness in your toes when exercising? Patients of mine who use the Stairmaster (probably the worst offender), elliptical, bicycle (including spinning), and even those involved in outdoor sports come to me concerned about their “sleepy foot.” Before I get to what you can do to help it, let’s look at why it happens. The cause is the stretching of the tibial nerve as it comes down out of the leg, wraps around and behind the medial malleolus, and changes direction as it enters the foot heading out to the toes. Tension on this tibial nerve is increased dramatically as a result of the increased arch depression forces when someone’s calf is too tight. Typically, I see that flatfooted people are generally more susceptible, only because the stretch of the nerve is even more pronounced. Despite conventional wisdom, this isn’t a result of pressure from your body weight at all. It’s also not from your circulation being cut off – anyone who tells you this is quite simply misinformed! And it has absolutely nothing to do with diabetic neuropathy! It is a result of over stretching of the nerves – which is why standing is even a culprit. This is exactly where urban myth becomes dictum, so much so that even reputable doctors and reasonable sources just agree and keep it going. What a shame. It makes me angry when I hear how other docs have recommended more “supportive shoes” or orthotics to reduce this effect. This stuff they recommend is expensive to say the least. Just experimenting with different shoes is about as effective. A heel lift is probably the quickest and most consistent change that will provide quick relief. Also, although it may reduce workout intensity, lowering your incline can help. There is no doubt that this phenomenon is totally benign and is temporary. True, it’s a nuisance. If you stop the activity, the numbness does go away. If nothing else it is good to know this. If you want the chance for the numbness to be reduced or eliminated for good, you need to stretch your calves…consistently. That means everyday, people! The nerve stretching at midstance – what’s behind the numbness for those who experience it – occurs in everyone with every step and even as we stand! Why? Because the longitudinal arch sinks towards the floor at midstance, which is natural in humans! I know what you are thinking right about now. All too often at the point when I’m telling my patients how they’d benefit from a daily calf stretching protocol and why – they usually throw their opinion. “But doc, aren’t I stretching my calves on the machine, so calf tightness can’t really be the problem, right?” WRONG! Somehow, someway in the short five minutes since they were first introduced to this concept they have magically transcended to a higher level of understanding and they must inform me of such. This is where I pull out my favorite line, “If I agree you, then we will both be wrong”. These repetitive exercises actually make the calves tighter. I’ve come to the conclusion that this false belief, that these athletic activities actually stretch your calves, is probably one of the major reasons for non-compliance with calf stretching. People often come back, explain to me that they didn’t add any stretching protocol to their regimen because they’re on the elliptical or Stairmaster, several times per week. But I tell them – like I’m telling you now – that’s quite simply all the more reason you need to take the time to stretch your calves. There is NO substitute! Ever been told you needed more supportive (aka pricey) shoes or orthotics to alleviate the pain? Or have a topic you’d like me to address? Let me know @AngryOrthopod or on Facebook.
Your Foot’s Asleep While Exercising? Then STRETCH!

Ever had numbness in your toes when exercising? Patients of mine who use the Stairmaster (probably the worst offender), elliptical,...

I just hate it when patients shoot themselves in the foot. In my particular case, being a foot and ankle orthopedic surgeon, this might be closer to fact than fiction. What I am talking about here are the more low-key diagnostic and treatment decisions in general, but this concept rings true throughout medical decision-making as you will see. Each and every one of us must be our own patient advocate, but too much of a good thing can be bad. There is no doubt that patients and/or their family's will all too often unwittingly try very hard to force/dictate a poor outcome. This unhealthy influence can be wielded anywhere from a small medical problem all the way to a life threatening issue. You know these people, they are the controllers, micro managers, type A’s, etc., and they make up about 15% of my patients. Ask them and they usually have no clue that they are even doing this. In fact, what they do think is that they are trying to facilitate their own care and safety. In most cases this couldn’t be further from the truth. With the Internet poring out massive amounts of medical knowledge, good and bad, we all feel more knowledgeable and EMPOWERED these days. OK, I know what your thinking, “Here is another doctor who does not like being told what to do.” You’re damn right I don’t like being told what to do when it is not in your best interest and you are asking me to place you directly in harms way. A perfect and timely example of this wayward behavior is Michael Jackson. As a disclaimer, I like many, loved Michael Jackson’s body of work and I personally have nothing against Dr. Conrad Murray. Both men are at fault in this case. In the simplest form Mr. Jackson was totally inappropriate in his request for administration of an IV drug used for general anesthesia, Diprivan (propofol) for sleep. However, Dr. Murray was even more at fault to give in and comply with Mr. Jackson’s dangerous plea. Get it, Dangerous plea? Dr. Murray should have taken the higher road and fired Mr. Jackson as a patient or never taken him on as a patient in the first place. I am willing to negotiate with patients within reason and as long as their request does not place them in harm’s way. Definitely there can be a give and take, but at the end of the day if you don’t like my recommendation, learned I might remind you, of course, everyone is entitled to a second opinion. If Conrad Murray is an example, you are likely to find someone who will give you what you are looking for. I won’t. Mommy, I want more candy, I want more screen time- don't give it. I have a colleague in California and we are both part of small group of surgeons (a think tank, if you will) and every year he makes a statement that turns my stomach. When several of us discuss a standard and reasonable technique or an interesting, case he invariably says, “My patients would never let me do that.” Is this sort of thinking just a California thing? Mommy, I want more candy, I want more screen time- don't give it. A patient needs to know when to hold ’em, but more importantly your doctor needs to be your advocate and do the right thing, even if it means not giving in to what you want. Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
Shooting Yourself in the Foot - When WebMD Becomes “Dangerous”

I just hate it when patients shoot themselves in the foot. In my particular case, being a foot and ankle orthopedic surgeon, this might...

Over the past few years I have become increasingly aware that when a patient visits the doctor it is a BIG DEAL. Even the simple visits. I should not have realized this, but I did and I am glad I did. If you have had an illness of any note you will surely identify with my words. My personal experiences aided in my awareness and they have confirmed this notion time and time again. Many of my colleagues wouldn’t have a clue as to what I am talking about. In today’s medical world time is money. You get your number and you are rushed through with less and less personal attention or explanation. However, this culture, I contend, is much less about money and more about your doctor not looking through your eyes. You see, what we doctors do seems so special to the layperson, but in reality it is generally everyday ho-drum repetition to us. We really don’t get that excited. I just saw 31 other patients just like you with your same problem just last month. Been there, done that, boring. However, we too often forget you have an experience of exactly ONE, and even with friends and the almighty internet you still may feel isolated. Your problem IS big and you are depending on us! I have walked that mile in your shoes. I was diagnosed with cancer in 2000, had surgery and I am now “cancer free.” But I still have to go in for testing in the form of blood work. I am just fine until just after they draw my blood. It generally takes about 8 hours for the test to be completed. My test results always get completed about 7 p.m. that evening. Thank God I can call the lab (I really am a doctor) and get my own results that very night. However, let me assure you that for a guy who is “cancer free”, those are not a comfortable 8 hours. Otherwise, if I was not a doc I would have to rely on my doctor to get back to me with the results the next day, if I am lucky. Recently my wife got an MRI to better define a non-emergent lumbar back issue. Trying to be a good doctor-husband I stayed low key and patiently waited with my girl for the results. BTW, did I say the spine surgeon, who ordered the MRI, is well recognized and is a colleague/acquaintance of mine, I know him quite well. After a week she finally called and after two more days we got the results. This was not urgent by any means, but we still wanted to know. This doctor and his staff really did not care or more likely, they have not realized the concept of The Big Day. It takes one to know one. I now know that just about every encounter with a doctor or their office is a Big Day. I do believe many more primary care physicians get this than surgeons, I am sorry to say, because I am a surgeon. At my office the protocol is a system (paper and pen) my staff has in place to flag and alert me when a test or other pending thing is completed. Then they shove it under my nose so I know to make that call. We try our best not to let the sun go down on communicating a result, good or bad. And just about everything I deal with treating foot and ankle problems is non-emergent. This same effect is even at play with office visits. You are six weeks post-op and we just took X-rays to determine if your bone is healed. You are waiting in the exam room for me to come in to tell you the results. No doubt your hoping on hope I will come in with good news. No matter what the news is, good or bad, my entry into that room and my presentation can have tremendous impact on you and your recovery. So your doctor my be a good person and a fine physician; it just might be that they have not walked in your shoes. I, for one, am thankful I have walked in these shoes. Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
The Big Day

Over the past few years I have become increasingly aware that when a patient visits the doctor it is a BIG DEAL. Even the simple visits....

(…Or just about anything else we tell ‘em.)  
Patients are predictable, I'm sorry to say. Non-compliance is a very large problem with patients.

I give approximately 85% of my patients explicit, written directions to do calf stretching and – even with the most compelling reasons - they leave the office sold on the concept and the exercise and then… more than 50% of them won’t do it. Did I say my directions even have hand drawn pictures?

I don’t know, maybe they go home saying, “What? I paid for an office visit, and this guy just told me to stretch? He must be crazy.” I would say that myself.

Then, they come in for their follow-up and some version of this conversation occurs:

“Doc, your stretching is not working.”
“What’s wrong with it? ?”
“Are you DOING the stretching?”
“No. Should I? Did you really mean it?”
“Yes I meant it! What about, ‘the calf stretching is the ONLY thing that will FIX your problem,’ did you not get?”

C’mon, people. I’m telling you what (95% of the time) is effective! However, the stretching is effective 0% of the time if they are not done.

I’m asked why I focus so much on calf stretching. It’s simple. It works. Stretching is prevention and cure rolled up into one. If you have pain now, this stretching will make it go away. If you don’t want pain later, KEEP STRETCHING.

Five to 10 new patients every week are ones I saw5 to 15 years ago for plantar fasciitis, heel pain, or other ailments. I prescribed stretching, they complied, and the pain went away. However, I told them to continue with stretching, but for whatever reason, they didn’t. AND, that is OK, really! It is human nature to not comply. Heck, I am as guilty as anyone. Now, a decade later, they show up for something else, like mid-foot arthritis or achilles tendonitis.

They think that one has nothing to do with the other, but I tell them the two seemingly unrelate problems have EVERYTHING to do with one another. When it comes to stretching your calf, compliance is key.

Calves get tighter as we get older; the calf contracts as we age for a number of reasons. It’s just a fact and there are many reasons this occurs. (More on that later…)

Frankly, if you don’t do the stretching, it’s okay by me. I get more business that way. Don’t stretch and we’ll be cutting on you soon enough. But I’d rather send you away from my office fixed for good instead of creating a repeat customer.  
 Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
My Pet Peeve: NOT Sticking To Stretching

(…Or just about anything else we tell ‘em.) Patients are predictable, I'm sorry to say. Non-compliance is a very large problem with...

First, a disclaimer: I want you to know I love my diabetic patients. If I sound demeaning at any point discussing this, it’s not the diabetic patient making me angry. My anger stems from the medical profession’s poor treatment of the diabetic foot, especially the lack of preventative care, which includes effective, relevant education about what can develop and how and why. "Remember to check your feet everyday."  This is the sum total of primary care docs’, hell, most health care providers foot care advice to their diabetic patients: You might as well ask them to set the clock on their remote.

They might also tell them to not go barefoot and wear "good" shoes. We, the medical profession, are so archaic when it comes to diabetic foot care, it borders on embarrassing. We need to be more specific and proactively inform our patients as much as possible. 
Diabetics get advice about their feet that’s a collection of myths. I’m going to take a look at a few of these over the next few weeks… and both doctors and patients should listen up.

Myth #1

“Diabetic foot problems are caused by poor control of glucose and bad blood supply.”

Wow, I have to take a deep breath on that one. If you believe this BS, then you also might believe in unicorns! What leads to foot problems in diabetics is a loss of protective sensation, otherwise known as “peripheral neuropathy.” It all stems from peripheral neuropathy.

If you’re not familiar with the concept, here’s how I like to explain it:

Think of two cars. My car is not diabetic, but your car is.

Say, on my car, a radiator hose breaks. My warning light flickers, telling me that there’s a problem with the engine- it is over heating. I pull over and get the hose fixed before the car overheats and the engine has permenant damage.

Now, on your car, when the hose breaks, no warning light comes on. You drive merrily along until the engine overheats, and there has been serious damage to the engine. Well, without that protective sensation, you don’t know you’ve done the damage until it’s often too late.

Going hand-in-hand with the numbness is the development of calluses and eventually ulcers. Unlike on a hand, where a callus just grows outward, a callus on a foot grows slightly out of the skin, but mostly inward. Think of an iceberg. In some cases, it can eventually reach the bone. When it eventually breaks open or sloughs off, it becomes an open, malperforans ulcer. People think these ulcers just kind of appear. Put simply: calluses get deeper, and if they get deep enough, they become an ulcer when the skin sloughs off. So my guidelines for inspecting your feet are to do it daily -- but know what you’re looking for -- checking for any calluses and potential malperforans ulcers.

The ADA and others would lead you to believe that strict daily blood glucose monitoring and/or good A1C numbers will keep you all safe and cozy. While I don't disagree with strict control of diabetes, I definitely disagree with letting your guard down. How can you possibly have your guard up if you don’t even know what you are looking for? Here is a counter intuitive concept. In my experience, the non-insulin dependent diabetics generally develop the worst foot and ankle problems because they’re not warned. This is why the subject makes me angry. I am One. Hundred. Percent. Sure that this foreign thought is correct. So, do not belive because your type 2 diabetes is "under control", chemically speaking that is, that you are protected and safe.

I can't tell you how many times while trying to knock some sense into a diabetic patient's head they argumentatively come out with "but my A1C's are good.”

Yes, and that ulcer on your foot is just a spot on my eyeglasses.

Until next time, if you have questions about foot care for diabetes, contact me through the comments here, on Twitter, or through my Facebook page and I’ll try and answer them as soon as possible. Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
MYTHS ABOUT THE DIABETIC FOOT: PART ONE

First, a disclaimer: I want you to know I love my diabetic patients. If I sound demeaning at any point discussing this, it’s not the...

Here I go again. I hate to start sounding like a broken record, but sometimes a topic just needs revisiting. There are multiple products and so-called treatments that just address the aches and pains of plantar fasciitis but never treat the underlying cause of it. Take a look at the current Hammacher Schlemmer catalogue. It’s appalling to see four different shoes and a brace specifically aimed at alleviating plantar fasciitis pain. If you bought them all you’d spend a total of $344.75. This doesn’t even include several other products aimed at vague ailments like “foot fatigue.” Plantar fasciitis is now the most common foot condition doctors treat, but that doesn’t make me any less tired of hearing how often my colleagues have a status-quo mentality in their patient recommendations. An entire industry is now devoted to treating the pain resulting from plantar fasciitis and hundreds of millions of dollars are being made in the process! Check out this breakdown of a few of these standard treatments for heel pain and what it could cost you: 
Wow! Could you believe this much money gets spent on something like planter fasciitis related pain? We spend a lot of money every year on this part of the body. Not only are those estimates conservative, they don’t even bring the cost of pharmaceuticals into the mix.

It disappoints me to know that patients are led to think they should spend their money on these short-term, “fix-it” options. I can tell you, thanks to twenty-five plus years of experience, that these are the facts: you can spend your money on those things, or on surgery. (I’m happy to take it.) If you want the pain to go away, you gotta stretch! You want the pain to stay away? Keep stretching!

What you do today will impact you later on. Go back and read my older posts. You may not believe me now, but it’s why I’m the Angry Orthopod! Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
Too Damn Expensive: What Just Treating the Symptoms Costs You

Here I go again. I hate to start sounding like a broken record, but sometimes a topic just needs revisiting. There are multiple products...

“Evidence based medicine.” 

Just think about it for a second. This means now we actually practice medicine based on bona fide evidence? What the hell have I been doing for the past 25 years? Making it all up? And who wrote those thousands of articles I’ve read? Dr. Seuss?

Evidence Based Medicine, or EBM, may be just another way to remove a physician's (sorry, “health care provider's”) autonomy. This trend has marched on for years, castrating us bit by bit. EBM is nothing more than the old process of peer-reviewed journal articles, but now there’s a classification systems that grades according to the article’s strengths or weaknesses. In other words, it’s to help the non-academic dummies tell the difference between crap and quality. In the U.S., a five-level scale is favored, while the U.K. prefers a four-stage system, and there are others.

My interest in this is truly for the end recipient: YOU, the patient. I think EBM at its core is a good thing, but its ultimate use must be questioned. The obvious objective for EBM is to arrive at the best care for the patient with a certain diagnosis. The subversive goal of EBM is to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine#Political_criticism

(IBM Watson, are you hearing this? Of course, you knew it before I did.)

Forever, medical practitioners have enjoyed the latitude that allows them to treat patients on an individual basis. This is otherwise known as the “practice of medicine.” It employs experience, collegial interaction, and a reasonable knowledge of the appropriate literature to date.

This is where it gets weird. EBM is the current “buzz word” from med students to practicing physicians to researchers. Professionals speak of it like some new Holy Grail of medical research. In fact, it’s cool to be overheard uttering the words "evidence based medicine.” Blah, blah, blah. 
  

Let's just call it a sort of "medical merchandizing.” EBM is NOTHING different than all the scholarly literature that has preceded it for over 100 years repackaged as new and improved.

Of course the randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled study is the research crown jewel, but those studies are far and few between, especially in our paranoid, liability-fearing world. Who decides the assignment of a level? Does a higher-level study render all lower ones irrelevant by default? Can't I decide which articles are accurate and relevant...TO ME?

Now I’m certain my orthopaedic colleagues would never openly admit to what I am about to say even though they know it is true. Not to brag, but I knew what articles, chapters, and books were good and which were crap years ago. I still do! Experience and education leave me with the ability to accurately sort through this stuff and determine good from bad. I know just about everyone writing this stuff in my field, therefore I know who is and who isn’t relevant. I’m not implying even one author is lying. It's just that some write dribble rhetoric and some put out timely, novel, and useful work.

Most everyone thinks of this EBM stuff as all good. Doctors do, third party payers do, and let's not forget Uncle Sam. Doctors, the ultimate holders of the key to patient care, are being lead to slaughter in years to come, and EBM is part of the puzzle. The health insurance companies love it as they can soon declare sweeping changes to save money in the name of “BEST PRACTICE” criteria. Finally, the government would like nothing better that to control the practice of medicine. Look how well our Veterans Administration system works.

While protocol can be good for medicine, policy is not.

If allowed, EBM will change medicine from a practice of individual-based, case-by-case care to cookie-cutter cookbook recipes. Maybe some docs need a cookbook, but I don't. The docs I respect don't either.  Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. 
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Medical Merchandising: The Same Old Crap, Repackaged

“Evidence based medicine.” Just think about it for a second. This means now we actually practice medicine based on bona fide evidence?...

I get angry when I see people falling for flashy procedures that fool them into thinking they’re fixing their problems. One of the most searched for heel pain treatments online over the last two years is one often featured in the sports section. Recent stories on Bartolo Colon, the Pittsburgh Steelers, and Tiger Woods are helping to popularize the concept of PRP, or Platelet-Rich Plasma, as the orthopaedic treatment of the moment for sprain and ligament issues. There’s one minor problem with PRP: there’s no evidence it actually works. PRP involves drawing blood from the patient and using a centrifuge to separate the red blood cells from the distilling out platelet-rich plasma. For plantar fasciitis, this plasma is then injected into the heel under the premise that platelets reduce inflammation and stimulate healing. Once patients have received the injection, they're often put on crutches for at least a week. Some patients report rapid pain relief, but is that from spending time off of the sore heel, and not as a result of the injection they credit?! Athletes are receiving it for various sprains and injuries, but you never can seem to find any article on how the treatment actually works – because it doesn’t! PRP is being studied in clinical trials and has yet to show it promotes healing from injuries. Even the editor of The American Journal of Sports Medicine calls this nothing more than a “platelet-rich panacea.” Doctors who offer PRP treatments perceive it as a relatively easy and harmless in-office procedure they can charge a lot of money for - in fact, on average, patients are charged upwards of $2,000 per treatment. Sadly, these doctors are jumping into PRP treatment headfirst and why not-$$$$$. The docs I personally know who are using PRP regularly aren’t very good at what they do, so this provides them the extra DB (doctor bling). Making matters worse is that large orthoapaedic companies are pushing PRP more and more. It’s a real shame that the popularity of this treatment is seemingly driven more by office reps than evidence based medicine, which really pisses me off. More on evidence based medicine coming up soon. Do not participate in this farce! When it comes to PRP, orthotics, injections, or soundwave “therapy,” they might appear safe and they usually are, but they don’t fix anything. At least when it comes to the foot and ankle this is the plain fact: plantar fasciitis and many other foot problems are mechanical imbalances that lead to inflammation. Treat the mechanical problem and the inflammation will solve itself… which means the best thing you can do to prevent and relieve plantar fasciitis is also the simplest and most affordable. A proper regimen of stretching to maintain your flexibility is the only way to relieve your pain the right way and prevent heel pain. 
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PRP: Pure Rubbish, People!

I get angry when I see people falling for flashy procedures that fool them into thinking they’re fixing their problems. One of the most...

As mentioned before, 20% of my patients come to me seeking relief from plantar fasciitis. After I came across this TV news piece on the subject, I knew I had to address it because it’s filled with the kind of flawed,  “easy fix” information I’m fighting. (Thanks to @DrHurless for sharing this on Twitter.) While it may appear to be a story with good information, most of it I disagree with. Not because the information presented is bad for you, but because it represents the usual incorrect, status quo rhetoric people continue to be given — whether it be from the news, the Internet, or even from their doctor. And unfortunately, these recommendations only continue to steer people away from meaningful and effective treatment. About the only thing I agree with is the importance of daily stretching, which I can’t emphasize enough. Scientific literature has repeatedly shown how regular stretching of the calf is what will eliminate heel pain by getting to the source of the problem. Take care of your body and it will take care of you. One of the first things I disagree with is how the doctor recommends the use of orthotics. Orthotics simply do not do anything about the cause of the pain, calf tightness. Don’t get me wrong, orthotics may in some cases give some relief from the pain of plantar fasciitis, but they don’t fix a thing. Then there’s the idea of shockwave therapy. The anchor throws in that Dr. Kase “has [had] good success with acoustic shockwave therapy. It helps break up some of the scar tissue,” he argues. After posting this clip on Twitter, @cathysucher asked me my opinion of this kind of therapy. What’s being referred to here is ESWT, or Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shock Therapy. EWST is merely a flashy placebo. There’s no conclusive evidence to support its use, but it certainly helps doctors make money. Treatments can get pricey, and insurance may not cover it. Therefore, patients who wish to have these treatments – which don’t even work in the first place – often end up paying out of pocket for them. At least it’s not an unwarranted surgery. A kissing cousin to ESWT is PRP, platelet-rich plasma, and I will have more on PRP soon. Again, you will see better results from stretching – in combination with a little patience — than from any of the other feel good treatments. Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
More Of The Same Old News...

As mentioned before , 20% of my patients come to me seeking relief from plantar fasciitis. After I came across this TV news piece on the...

This is a new segment I’ll be writing every so often. The idea is simple and the majority of you need no further explanation, but for my fellow surgeons who over-analyze, here are the details… I will review and categorize three different products that I’ll classify as good, the possibly good, and the downright wrong. There will be facts, followed by op-ed, and then the followers’ opinions. Keep an eye on my tweets @angryorthopod and chime in on the products, because I may use your opinion the following week. And as always, if you have a product you’d like me to review, or a topic you would like me to investigate, just shoot me a tweet. 
 The Good

New Balance  
New Balance offers the big-box shoe lines, and then they also have lines for boutique stores. One of the boutique stores was kind enough to tell me that New Balance manufactures special lines just for specialty running stores. These stores have the capability of giving you shoes based on length and width, a big plus for those with difficult feet to fit. It’s important to remember that whatever shoe you choose, make sure that it feels good to you. If a New Balance rep gave me a shoe and said that it was the proper fit, but it didn’t feel good to me, I would never buy the shoe. If it feels good and looks good, go for it.

Here is some of the buzz from the Twittersphere and the AO Facebook page….

@skepnurse: NB shoes offer the best selection for wide feet

Cathy Sucher Cissé: New Balance 856 shoes have worked well for my...son following his foot surgeries and I appreciate the selection of widths.
 
 The Maybe

Barefoot Running

Barefoot Running is the latest craze. I’m sure you’ve seen that weirdo walking around town without his shoes on, or in the Five Finger Vibram (is’nt this for the toes?) shoes. The whole concept rests on the idea that you can run faster and farther with fewer injuries by going barefoot. There are in fact studies that have qualified this account, but there are also studies discounting the benefits. 

  

It’s weird, but there may be something to it. We aren’t exactly born with shoes on our feet. Our whole lives, we wear shoes to protect and cushion our feet. But maybe the same things we use with the intention of protecting our feet are actually messing up the alignment in the rest of our bodies? Honestly, I’m open to this concept of barefoot running. What do you think?

@skepnurse: barefoot is tough to transition to

@billjmetaxas: barefoot running (i.e. not heel toe running) emphasizes proper technique - mets, then heel… - remember how Deion Sanders ran? longer strides via met landings and high steps

Cathy Sucher Cissé:  I have reservations about barefoot running for those who pronate severely as well as those with high arched rigid feet. In fact, any approach that has a one size fits all philosophy worries me.

Greg Pace: I did some barefoot running years ago and because of very high arches it didn't work out to well for me. It was fun for a while though. :)

Daniella Strat: I loved the feeling of running barefoot for about two months...ankle pain after that. I have been a non-runner for the past 6 weeks and hating every minute of it. I know vibram runners that feel great running. I guess not my high arch foot. It is very hard going back to regular shoes after vibrams.

Chris Moore: Most athletes and rec runners are horribly imbalanced both in ROM and strength in/extrinsically. I like BF running and long term I think it yields fewer plantar fascia and ITB issues but anyone switching over needs to remember their feet will not ...bare the mileage they are used to and must essentially start from scratch. For halfway enthusiasts, a motion control shoe is generally easier and provides the results most people want.

  
 The Ugly

Skechers Shape-ups
I’m sure you all are familiar with the Kim Kardashian Shape-ups commercials, but for those of you who slept through its Super Bowl debut, here you go… Long story short, the company boasts the shoes as an exercising accessory that helps tone muscles while you work out. 
Studies from the American Council on Exercise stated there is "simply no evidence to support the claims that these shoes will help wearers exercise more intensely, burn more calories or improve muscle strength and tone." In fact, American Council on Exercise’s Todd Galati found no difference between the special shoes and regular shoes, confirming, "These shoes are not a magic pill. It is the walking  that will make a difference in your life."

I have to agree completely with Todd Galati. For people to actually believe that this is going to all of a sudden make them fit is unbelievable. However, there is a large number who have fallen prey to this marketing gimmick. People, it’s the walking that that’s making you skinnier, not the shoe!

There is one thing I do like about these shoes, at least on a case-by-case basis. The rocker bottom sole can potentially improve the gait of a person with limited hindfoot/ankle motion such as one who has had an ankle fusion. As for the person who has relatively normal feet and ankles this shoe makes little sense. However, as I tell my patients, if it feels good and looks good, go for it. As for these shoes, “looks good” is a real stretch.


@laurusrehabs: Shape-ups = total gimmick & falls risk to older pop, among other things.

@skepnurse: Skechers look like nothing but hype.

Aaron Burkett: Not a big fan of the Shape-ups. See too many people that don’t have enough strength in hip, knee and foot and the instability that the shoe creates when moving from heel strike to mid stance and mid stance to toe off. See too many people... with that instability and "throws the knee forward" with poor control. Saw one lady working out in those shoes, had so much knee valgus and tibial ER the shoe wasnt doing anything except creating knee pain and overload of valgus position. Just my opinion. @ptfromou Cathy Sucher Cissé: Have not tried Shape-ups and never will. I think you need a certain degree of gullibility that (I hope!) I don't possess. 

Overall, seems like everyone knows it’s a ruse… so why are we buying it? 

Leave us your thoughts on all these topics. We would love to hear from you.

-AO
   
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The Good, the Maybe, and the Ugly: Shoes

This is a new segment I’ll be writing every so often. The idea is simple and the majority of you need no further explanation, but for my...

The practice of medicine vs. the business of medicine So, a medical malpractice attorney and an orthopaedic surgeon are on a golf trip… This sounds like the worst joke of all time, but it’s actually the story of my brother and I 20 years ago. Amidst the rough, he laid some serious philosophy on me…In most families, that might be about life and love and whatnot. Not in our family. We were engaged about deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and the medico-legal ramifications surrounding this “complication. ”In case you didn’t know, DVT refers to blood clots in the lower leg, which are potentially very serious and can be deadly. Causes and risk factors include age, obesity, and infection, to name a few. Post-operative DVT in particular – those incidences that all too often result in lawsuits – was the focus of our conversation. My brother said physicians are clueless when it comes to how the medical community should handle this situation, at least from the medico-legal viewpoint. I agreed with him in 1988, and I agree with him now. As he pointed out, we surgeons have produced and continue to produce volumes of literature on prevention of postoperative DVT. However, each of these studies touts their own concoction of drugs, pneumatic boots — you name it — as the latest and the greatest, yet at the end of the day, all are similar in their effectiveness as DVT prevention. Even worse, each protocol is right, and at the same time wrong, depending which way the malpractice plaintiff’s attorney needs to spin it. The point is: there is simply a finite low incidence of post op-DVT that is going to occur no matter what we do. Don’t get me wrong; I’m all for scientific advancement, but trying to beat the incidence down nanometer-by-nanometer, scientific study by scientific study, only accomplishes two things. First, it gives plaintiff attorneys the data needed to successfully sue our pants off. Second, it lines the pockets of the drug and medical equipment companies who cater to this business (more on this later). Let’s face it, what we really needed to know about DVT prevention, we learned by the mid 90’s, which is why we’ve only seen negligible advances in the past decade. Physicians, quit quibbling over these negligible differences. Keep moving, my friends, AO Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
DVT Epiphany: The Battle Over Blood Clots

The practice of medicine vs. the business of medicine So, a medical malpractice attorney and an orthopaedic surgeon are on a golf trip…...

MRI overuse and misuse really makes me angry. Did you know that a growing number of doctors don’t even read the tests themselves? Another shocking aspect of this industry is that some doctors will order an MRI because it’s quicker than doing an in-depth history or a good physical exam. That would take too much time, just order an MRI. Rushing to an MRI can oftentimes erase clinical correlation, that is, connecting the dots between pain and what the MRI shows.

MRI is unnecessarily overused. In a recent study of 221 patients who had MRIs, the results showed that only 5.9% actually needed to have an MRI done. The remaining 94.1% of the patients sacrificed their time and money. (Christopher W. DiGiovanni, M.D.) What’s worse is that the use of MRI for screening isn’t as effective as other methods.

MRI needs to be judicious and scrutinized by the physician who ordered it. It can be as dangerous as it is useful. Many patients view the MRI as a security blanket, and will go as far as requesting it. I have numerous cases of diagnostic problems that result from misuse of the MRI. The real problem is one of clinical correlation (making sure that what’s seen on MRI is in agreement with the patients problem) and the fact that any test including an MRI must be ordered to confirm a preliminary diagnosis that is already known or vey highly suspected from the history, exam, and more simple, inexpensive tests such as an x-ray. Here are a couple of examples… The Boom in M.R.I.'s: Concerns Grow on Costs and Overuse New Thoughts on the Diagnostic Value of MRI in Foot and Ankle Surgery

If you suspect your doctor is just being quick or using MRI to reach that “aha” moment, then you’re in a bad scenario. When I order an MRI, I am 90% certain about what the results are going to show. Doctors need to have a clear-cut idea on what they can expect to see from the results. Next time you’re told to get an MRI, and your doctor has little clue to your diagnosis, you may want to get a second opinion. Also, be sure to ask the physician if they read the MRI themselves. 

Nothing makes me quite as angry as the doctors who can’t or won’t read the actual MRI themselves.

Have you ever had an MRI? Did you question the necessity of it? Do you have a horror story?

Keep moving, my friends, AO  

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MRI Abuse

MRI overuse and misuse really makes me angry. Did you know that a growing number of doctors don’t even read the tests themselves? Another...

There are nearly 2 million cases of plantar fasciitis in the United States every year. I would say this number is very low and more likely 10 million as most people self treat. As an orthopaedic surgeon, I’m quite familiar with this issue since nearly 20 percent of my patients come to me about plantar fasciitis. Although there is a surefire way to fix the problem, (the treatment I recommend is coming in following entries) the current treatments aren’t really addressing the issue, and they are costing millions for those who suffer from the heel pain. Many are quick to blame the chosen treatments on profit, but I’m here to set the record straight. There are two main factors that are contributors to mistreatment, neither of which is profit. Many doctors dealing with plantar fasciitis think their treatment plans are the right course of action. That is, expensive surgeries, useless orthotics, and temporary relief through medicine. The other factor leading to the mistreatment is that patients are demanding these treatments; despite how medical studies have shown they are ineffective. Many believe that a surgery will fix their plantar fasciitis problems; it’s a misconception that surgery is what they need. Honestly, I don’t think the patients or the doctors know how expensive these treatments end up. In 2007 alone, there was an estimated $376 million in expenses for third parties. But what about the patient costs? (Kuo Bianchini Tong, MD, John Furia, MD) The authors of this study revealed that this estimate is low, and I have to agree; it’s definitely a conservative number since the patient’s expenses aren’t part of the study… The study doesn’t take into account lost time from work, over the counter/Amazon items, chiropractic visits, acupuncture, night splints, diagnostic studies, among other costs. So what should we learn from this? An exorbitant amount of money is spent on these treatments every year, but the real issue isn’t just the expense, it’s that most treatments are unnecessary and ineffective. How much have you paid to relieve your plantar fasciitis problems? Were the treatments effective? Keep moving, my friends, AO Archived Comments A collection of comments from previous versions of the blog, preserved for historical context and the richness they add to our discussions. Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below
The Most Expensive Pair of Heels

There are nearly 2 million cases of plantar fasciitis in the United States every year. I would say this number is very low and more...

I’ve been an orthopaedic surgeon for over  25 years. I specialize in foot and ankle, but I'm interested in other areas of medicine as well. In short, I’m passionate about medicine, as well as the truth... That’s why I’ve taken to the web. I’m going to use this as a  springboard to discuss real issues in medicine, and hopefully guide  patients to a better experience with their medical needs.

Some,  namely my colleagues, may find my point of view dissenting. For that, I  don’t apologize. My goal is to help the patient, not win a popularity  contest. For those of you reading, I appreciate your time.

If you  have any issues you would like to discuss, you can post on the entries  here, tweet me @angryorthopod, write on my Facebook page at Angry Orthopod or  find me on Quora.

-AO Current Conversation Add your questions, thoughts, and commentary to our current conversation below, I dare ya!
Welcome!

I’ve been an orthopaedic surgeon for over 25 years. I specialize in foot and ankle, but I'm interested in other areas of medicine as...

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